為什么美國華裔企業(yè)家沒有印度裔企業(yè)家多？

原創(chuàng)翻譯：龍騰網(wǎng) http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：星際圣母 轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處

Aakash Chopra
It''''''''s a very good question . Let me give you the exact reasons for this. No matter what anyone says but the truth is that Indians and Chinese are equally hardworking and that is why they get the attraction of US employers. Now there are 3 major reasons for less Chinese entrepreneurs or CEOs than Indians:
The language issue: Indians are better in English speaking than Chinese. This may look like a small issue but believe me it is very important for US companies or management. Therefore, you will see a lot of Indians hanging around with Americans but less Chinese. At Top management level, interpersonal skills are more important than technical.
Employer vs Employee mindset: Now this might hurt some sentiments but the fact is WORLD SEE CHINESE AS VERY GOOD EMPLOYEES BUT NOT GOOD EMPLOYERS. This is a major reason that they choose Indians over Chinese.
The Country call: A lot of Successful Chinese go back to their own country and become entrepreneurs there while Indians choose to stay back. Now a lot of Indians are also coming back here from Silicon valley but the proportion is very high with Chinese.

非常好的問題。讓我告訴你這個問題的原因吧。不管其他人怎么說，但是事實是，印度裔和華裔都是一樣勤勞的人，這就是為什么他們受到了美國僱主的親徠。為什么華裔企業(yè)家或CEO比印度裔的少，這里有3個原因：
語言問題：印度裔的英語說得比華裔更好。這可能看起來不是什么大問題，但是相信我，這對美國公司或管理層來說非常重要。因此，你會看到很多印度裔跟美國人聊天，但是很少看到華裔這樣。在管理高層當(dāng)中，人際交往能力和技巧比專業(yè)技術(shù)更重要。
雇主和員工思維模式：這一點可能會傷到一些人的感情，但事實上，全世界都認(rèn)為中國人是非常好的員工，但不是好雇主。這就是他們選擇印度裔而非華裔的主要原因。
國家的召喚：很多成功的華裔回到了他們的祖國，變成了中國的企業(yè)家，而印度人選擇留下。雖然現(xiàn)在也有很多印度裔從硅谷回來印度，但是華裔回去的比例非常高。
Gabriel Chan, Overseas Chinese (華僑)

Chinese and Indian parents are very similar. They are extremely entrepreneurial themselves immigrating to a strange land with no social connections and take many other risks, all for the sake of their children. They are also aware of their status as the “model minority” and that America is the world of the white man, and they best stay out of trouble. Thus, they wish that the children would not take too much risks, with preferred career paths such as doctor, lawyer, engineer, rather than politician, entrepreneur, etc.
So both Chinese and Indians are restricted by the same “mindset” issue.
Perhaps you hear about the accomplishments of Indians in America more than Chinese in America.
Chinese people tend to be very humble and downplay their accomplishments.
Indians tend to brag about their accomplishments: past, present, and future.
Consequently, Chinese usually sell themselves short, and Indians oversell themselves. You will find that many Chinese do not like working with Indians for this reason.
Indians also tend to be more positive or less pessimistic than Chinese. All this translates to Indians getting more of the spotlight than Chinese in general.
Even if you take away these cultural advantage of Indians, they still have another major one up their sleeve over the Chinese:
For most Indians, the answer is yes. For most Chinese, the answer is what?
Although Chinese and Indians learn English in school, China’s administrative language is Mandarin while English is the administrative language of India and Pakistan, with de facto status in Bangladesh. Immigrants from English-admin Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Singapore have a slight advantage compared to Chinese coming from Mainland or Taiwan.
Historically, the Chinese were oppressed more than Indians in America (and Canada), so higher proportion of Chinese in America are not as high skilled as Indian immigrants, who made their moves to American much later when the atmosphere was less hostile towards non-white people. Post-9/11 America might be a worse place for South Asians than for East Asians, but no one in the right mind would post signs that say NO DOGS OR BROWN PEOPLE ALLOWED, though all bets are off regarding Post-Trump America.
Finally, on the Chinese and Indians that actually become entrepreneurs. Indians tend to stay in America, while Chinese tend to leave. And it’s not just the “bamboo ceiling”.
India and the rest of South Asia is a mess. China is rising.
For Chinese entrepreneurs, they have more opportunity to develop in China or Hong Kong if they don’t want to or can’t live in China. Did you know Baidu aka China’s Google was founded by a Chinese American?If you are Chinese and you love your motherland, it is easy for you to go to China.
For Indian entrepreneurs, they are frustrated by the (lack of) infrastructure in India, so developing in America is better. How do you run a tech startup when your office randomly experiences blackouts or it takes you a ridiculous amount of time to commute?
But if you are a successful Indian abroad, and you love your motherland, the best thing for you to do is to go to India, endure the present, and contribute to its future.

中國和印度父母們非常相似。他們自己就非常有創(chuàng)業(yè)精神，移民到一個陌生的地方，沒有任何社會關(guān)系，還要承擔(dān)很多其他風(fēng)險，這一切都是為了他們的孩子。他們也清楚他們的“少數(shù)族群模范”的地位，以及美國是一個白人的世界，他們最好別惹麻煩。他們希望孩子不會承擔(dān)太多風(fēng)險，所以偏愛醫(yī)生、律師這樣的職業(yè)道路，而不是政客和企業(yè)家等等。
所以，華裔和印度裔都被同樣的“思維模式”限制了
也許你聽說在美國的印度裔比華裔更有成就。
華人傾向于非常謙虛地做人，貶低自己的成就。
印度人傾向于吹噓他們的成就：過去的、現(xiàn)在的和未來的。
結(jié)果，華裔通常沒有足夠地展現(xiàn)自己，印度裔則是過度表現(xiàn)自己。你會發(fā)現(xiàn)很多華裔因此不愿意跟印度裔共事。
此外，印度裔也傾向于比華裔更積極或不消極。換句話說就是，印度裔一般會比華裔獲得更多的聚光燈。
就算印度裔沒有這些文化優(yōu)勢，他們相比華裔也有很多其他主要優(yōu)勢：
對此，大部分印度裔會說，是的。大部分華裔會說，什么？
盡管華裔和印度裔在學(xué)校都學(xué)英語，但是中國的官方語言是漢語普通話，而印度和巴基斯坦的官方語言是英語，在孟加拉也是事實官方語言。從受過英語統(tǒng)治的香巷、馬來西亞和新加坡來的移民相比從大陸或臺灣來的移民也略微更有優(yōu)勢。
歷史上，華裔在美國（和加拿大）比印度裔受到的壓迫更多，所以在美國有較大比例的華裔不像印度裔那樣擁有較高的技能。印度裔移民到美國的時間較晚，那時對非白人的敵意氛圍已經(jīng)減少了。911事件后的美國對南亞裔相比對東亞裔來說可能是個更糟糕的地方，但是精神正常的人都不會掛“棕色人種與狗不得入內(nèi)”的牌子，但是在特朗普執(zhí)政的美國就世事難料了。
最后，談?wù)勱P(guān)于已經(jīng)成功的華裔和印度裔企業(yè)家。印度裔企業(yè)家傾向于留在美國，而華裔企業(yè)家傾向于離開。這并非只是因為“竹子天花板”（譯注：竹子天花板是指一種無形的升職障礙。美國企管中的不同種族占據(jù)各自位置的結(jié)構(gòu)如同金字塔，界限分明很難打破，大部分亞裔處于底端，少數(shù)處于中間管理層，進入更高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層的屈指可數(shù)）
印度和其他南亞國家現(xiàn)在是一團糟，而中國正在崛起。
如果你是華人并且愛著你的祖國，你很自然地就會去中國。
對于印度裔企業(yè)家來說，印度的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施（缺乏）讓他們很受措，所以留在美國發(fā)展更好。如果你的辦公室隨便停電或者上下班要花巨量通勤時間，你還怎么能經(jīng)營一家技術(shù)型初創(chuàng)公司？

Korak Mitra
I have not seen any statistics on this, so I don''''''''t know if the premise of the question is true. But if it is, perhaps one answer is Indian immigrants tend to know English and can assimilate and integrate much more easily. A second answer is that the Indian immigrants of today''''''''s era are mostly engineers/technologists who have high technical expertise levels and can more easily start or work at tech related startups. This also gives them high work mobility, which perhaps enables them to better take the risks necessary for entrepreneurial behavior. It is certainly true that in the past, the Chinese immigrants who came over, came to perform hard labor on the railroads, so they may have come with a different set of skills than recent immigrants to Silicon Valley. I don''''''''t know if this is true, but it may also be true that recent Chinese immigrants to the US start companies focused on the Chinese market instead of the global or American markets and thus, it looks to Americans like they are not entrepreneurial. Besides being huge and growing fast, the Chinese market may also be most attractive to the Chinese immigrant due to familiarity.

我沒有看過任何這方面的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，所有我不知道這個問題預(yù)設(shè)的前提是否屬實。但是如果屬實的話，也許其中一個原因是，印度移民更懂英文，并且能更容易地融入美國社會。第二個原因是，當(dāng)今的印度裔移民大部分是工程師/技術(shù)人員，他們有很高的專業(yè)技術(shù)水平，能更容易地創(chuàng)立或供職于技術(shù)相關(guān)的創(chuàng)業(yè)公司。這也給了他們很高的工作能動性，或許這讓他們在創(chuàng)業(yè)方面能更好地承擔(dān)必要的風(fēng)險。確實，在過去，到美國的華裔移民在鐵路上做苦力，所以他們的技能可能跟最近移民的硅谷的人不同。我不知道這樣說對不對，但是還有一點可能也是事實，就是到美國的新華裔移民創(chuàng)立的公司是針對中國市場，而不是全球和美國市場。因此，對美國人來說，他們沒有創(chuàng)業(yè)精神。另外，作為一個規(guī)模大增長快的市場，中國市場對華裔移民來說可能也是最具吸引力的，因為他們熟悉。

Geoffrey Routh
I live here in Silicon Valley, and personally know of a lot of Chinese start-up companies - at least in biotech. I''''''''m not sure that there are fewer of them than Indian startups. Do you have statistics? By no means do I want to rag on the Indians either. They''''''''re starting companies too.

我現(xiàn)在住在硅谷，我個人知道很多華裔的初創(chuàng)公司，至少在生物科技方面有很多。我不確定華裔的初創(chuàng)公司是不是比印度裔的少。你有統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)嗎？我也決不是想批評印度裔。他們也在創(chuàng)立企業(yè)。

Anonymous
I don''''''''t know what you said was true or not. What kind of entrepreneurs are you talking about? Are restaurant owners entrepreneurs in your mind? Or are you talking about IT start-ups in silicon valley? If you were talking about silicon valley, there are quite some ethic Chinese entrepreneurs, such as the founder of Yahoo, YouTube, Data domain, Nvidia, ATI, Marvel, Fortinet, Foxit etc. These are successful ones. There are many on-going ones.
Although, there are more Chinese studying in US college than Indians, but less of them would stay in US. Particularly, because of the rise of Chinese investors, Chinese in silicon valley increasingly choose to go back China to start business, e.g. the founder of Baidu,
BTW, it wasn''''''''t exactly true to say that Chinese migrated before Indian. Due to the internal chaos, most of the mainland Chinese got chance to study and migrate to US starting from early 1990s.
Finally, China has a flattened social structure. There is no caste system in China, so many Chinese in US are from ordinary families. Many get where they are from zero completely by themselves. They tend to not risk what they have. On the other hand, many successful Indian I knew are from high castes and they have brought their confidence (built by privileges) and social connections into US. China was in the same stage 70 years ago. E.g. people such as Qian Xuesen, Roger Y. Tsien, they have their family name dated back to more than 1000 years ago. These families marry each other. Now, China has past that stage.

我不知道你說的是不是真的。你說的是什么樣的企業(yè)家？飯店老板在你看來是企業(yè)家嗎？還是說硅谷的IT初創(chuàng)公司？如果你說的是硅谷，那么那里有很多華裔企業(yè)家，例如雅虎、油管、數(shù)據(jù)域、英偉達、ATI、邁威科技、飛塔、福昕軟件的創(chuàng)始人都是華裔。這些都是已經(jīng)成功的，還有很多創(chuàng)業(yè)中的華裔。
雖然在美國大學(xué)里的中國留學(xué)生比印度留學(xué)生多，但是他們當(dāng)中很少人會留下。尤其是，由于中國投資人的壯大，硅谷的中國人越來越多地選擇回中國創(chuàng)業(yè)，比如百度的創(chuàng)始人。
順便說一下，說華裔比印度裔更早移民到美國也不全對。因為歷史原因，大部分中國大陸籍移民90年代初才有機會移民和留學(xué)美國。最后一點，中國的社會結(jié)構(gòu)是扁平的。中國沒有種姓制度，所以很多美國華裔都來自普通家庭。他們很多人有今天的成就都是靠自己從零開始的。他們傾向于不拿自己所擁有的去冒險。另一方面，我認(rèn)識的很多成功的印度裔都來自高種姓家庭，他們把自己的自信（特權(quán)賦予他們的）和社會關(guān)系帶到了美國。70年前的中國也處于這樣一個階段，比如錢學(xué)森，他們的家族可追溯到1000年前。這些家族相互通婚。現(xiàn)在中國已經(jīng)走出那個階段了。