QA問答：迄今為止發(fā)現(xiàn)的最迷人的古代文物、城市或遺跡是什么?

回復：

Cesar A. K. Grossmann
Is that the scabbard, or the blade is exposed?

這是劍鞘嗎，還是直接就是暴露的劍刃？

Victor Zhang
No scabbard,it is exposed.

沒有劍鞘，就是暴露的劍刃。

Shawn Cheng
But according to the video provided by Mark Mou, the sword was sheathed, and the commentator mentioned that this was one of the main reason that the sword was preserved so well.

但根據(jù)Mark Mou提供的視頻，這把劍是有鞘的，評論員提到這是這把劍保存得如此完好的主要原因之一。

Ricky Sng
Blade itself, scabbard already removed when displayed.

這只是劍刃本身，劍鞘在展示時已經(jīng)拿走了。

John Harland
Alloys of copper and tin are usually referred to as bronze.It was used throughout a lot of the ancient world and displaced by iron primarily because iron was much cheaper, not because it was better. At least not until hundreds of years of improvement in ironmaking technologies.

銅和錫的合金通常稱為青銅。青銅在古代被廣泛使用，后來被鐵取代，主要是因為鐵更便宜，而不是因為鐵更好。至少在煉鐵技術進步之前的數(shù)百年間是這樣的。

John Lavery
Tin is rather rare. The only main sources historically were Certain locations in India, Cyprus, Southern Spain and southern Britain

錫是相當罕見的。歷史上唯一的主要來源是印度、塞浦路斯、西班牙南部和英國南部的某些地區(qū)。

Jon Lisle-Summers
It is an artifact of great beauty and mystery. Part of me wants to know how such a weapon was made but the other part of me wants to preserve the mystique.For me, the most interesting artifact is probably a metal calculator found in the sea off Antikythera.It's reckoned to be 2000 years old and allows the user to make very sophisticated astronomical calculations, well beyond the limits of the assumed technology and knowledge of its time.
Clearly, our understanding of human sophistication is challenged by the Antikythera Device. It continues to surprise the experts as more detail is revealed by today's improved scanning - the Device is rusted solid.

這是一件美麗而神秘的工藝品。我一方面想知道這樣的武器是怎么制造出來的，另一方面又想保持神秘感。對我來說，最有趣的工藝品可能是在安提基西拉附近海域發(fā)現(xiàn)的金屬計算器。據(jù)估計，它已經(jīng)有2000年的歷史了，使用者可以進行非常復雜的天文計算，遠遠超出了當時假定的技術和知識的限制。很明顯，安提基西拉這個設備挑戰(zhàn)了我們對人類智慧的理解。隨著今天先進的掃描技術揭示出更多的細節(jié)，專家們繼續(xù)感到驚訝——這個設備是生銹的固體。

?ukasz Golon
“It is so sharp that can easily cut 16 layer of paper.” Is there video evidence of that?

“它是如此鋒利，可以很容易地切割16層紙。“有視頻證據(jù)嗎?”

Paul Feist
Great first answer, man! Welcome!

第一個回答很好，伙計，歡迎光臨！

Victor Zhang
It is a bronze sword.the main material is bronze,iron can be almost neglect.

這是一把青銅劍，主要材料是青銅，鐵幾乎可以忽略。

Ralph Salier
I believe it is a marriage of metals, one of which is bronze.

我認為這把劍是金屬混合物，其中之一是青銅。

John Lavery
Bronze is an alloy, not a metal

青銅是合金，不是金屬。

Mike Carey
Thanks Victor, interesting story, looks like it was a ceremonial sword, or was it used in battle? By the way, you say it’s made of copper and tin, true but that’s called bronze, just saying.

謝謝，Victor，有趣的故事，這把劍看起來像是一把儀式用的劍，還是在戰(zhàn)斗中使用的？順便說一下，你說它是用銅和錫做的，沒錯，但那叫青銅，我只是說一下。

Victor Zhang
I think it was a ceremonial sword,because it was a king’s sword.

我認為這是一把儀式用的劍，因為它是國王的劍。

Walter Libl
Beautiful. I did not think that anything like that would survive in that condition.

太美了，我沒想到那樣的東西能在那種情況下存活下來。

John Griffiths
That colour looks like meteorite steel

那種顏色看起來像隕鐵。

Andrej Josi
How did it survive in such pristine condition?

它是如何在如此原始的環(huán)境中保存下來的?

Du Toit van Schalkwyk
Bronze generally ages quite well. Unlike Iron/Steel which corrodes quite quickly.

青銅的年代一般都很久遠。不像鋼鐵腐蝕得很快。

Mark Miller
Copper and Tin I think makes bronze. Not unique in that time frx.

我想銅和錫可以制成青銅，這在那個時代并不罕見。

Terrence LaMont Bellows
Dude that is fucking dope

伙計，這太他喵的酷了。

Adriana P.A. Vieira
Not to diminish the sword, but I’m more inclined to mention Angkor Wat, Machu Picchu and Pompeii as utterly fascinating. ;)

我不是要貶低劍，但我更傾向于提到吳哥窟（柬埔寨）、馬丘比丘（古城，位于秘魯中部偏南）和龐貝（意大利那不勒斯古城），它們都是非常迷人的。

George Noyb
That is amazing. I wonder if it is ceremonial and if it is as large as it looks ?I thought the men of that era were of a smaller stature.

太讓人驚訝了。我想知道這把劍是否像看起來的那么大？我認為那個時代的男人都是身材矮小的。

Nikhil Khude
Really amazing sword

真正神奇的劍。


回答二：
Meng Feifei, lives in China Answered October 22, 2017 · Upvoted by Yao Zhan, Masters History, La Trobe University (1997) and Colleen Anne Coyle, Ph.D Archaeology, University of Chicago
What fascinate me most are ancient Chinese afterlife facilities (明器).Many already know that we Chinese are an ancestor worshipping race. We believe (not very seriously) that our deads have an afterlife. To help the newly dead settle down in another world, we usually burn them lots of paper money and paper-made facilities such as house, car, TV set, computer, iPhone. Those would, as we believe, turn into real things in their world.
However, what about the periods before the mass production of paper was introduced? Had we cared less about our loved ones' welfare in the after life? Of course not.Before paper things went popular, people buried their deads with earthenware things.
It's said that Emperor Qinshihuang has a copy of his entire empire in his vast tomb, which contains a sun and a moon, mountains and rivers, villages and cities, subjects and soldiers. Now only a tiny group of soldiers have been evacuated. These soldiers are earthenware.For the common deads, they certainly wouldn't enjoy such grandeur, but most of them could afford an earthen property. A well made earthen property would contain a house, a courtyard, a barn, a toilet, a pigsty, a dog house, a chicken house, etc. Many of these have been unearthed and exhibited at museums around the world.

最吸引我的是中國古代的來世器具（明器）。許多人已經(jīng)知道我們中國人是一個祖先崇拜的種族。我們相信（不是真的相信）我們的死者有來生。為了幫助新死者在另一個世界定居下來，我們通常燒給他們很多紙錢和紙造的器具，如房子、汽車、電視、電腦、iPhone。正如我們所相信的那樣，這些將在他們的世界里變成真實的東西。

然而，在大規(guī)模生產紙張之前的那些時期呢？難道我們不太關心我們所愛的人來世的幸福嗎？當然不是。在紙質物品流行之前，人們用陶器來給他們的尸體陪葬。據(jù)說秦始皇在他巨大的陵墓里有他整個帝國的復制品，里面有太陽和月亮、山川和河流、村莊和城市、臣民和士兵?，F(xiàn)在只有一小群士兵被發(fā)掘，這些士兵是陶器。

對于普通死者來說，他們當然不能享受這樣的奢華陪葬，但他們中的大多數(shù)人都能負擔得起一個陶制器具。這些制作精良的陶器包括房子、庭院、谷倉、廁所、豬圈、狗舍、雞舍等等。其中許多已經(jīng)出土，并在世界各地的博物館展出。

I found some pictures from internet. They're toyly cute.
1. The pigsty is connected to the toilet, so pigs can feed on human excrement. As disgusting as that.

1. 我從網(wǎng)上找到一些照片，看起來像可愛的玩具。豬圈與廁所相連，所以豬可以吃人的糞便，想著就惡心。



2. This is a mansion.



2. 這是一座豪宅。

3. How happy this dog looks.



3. 這只狗看起來多開心??！

4. This is the boat for the dead to cross the yellow brook in the after world, so he won’t have to cross the Naihe bridge and drink the Meng Po soup that would make him lose all his memories of this life.



4. 這是亡者在過世后渡過血河池的船，這樣他就不用渡過奈何橋，也不用喝會讓他失去今生所有的記憶孟婆湯。

5. This is a sheepfold. The sheep look quite fat.



5. 這是個羊圈，羊看起來很胖。

6. This is a pigsty.



6. 這是一個豬圈。


回復：

Nell Zhang
I had thought the Chinese character was 冥器 instead of 明器, until just now I saw your answer.I looked it up and turned out you are right and I was wrong. Thanks for correcting me a mistake lasted for more than 40 years!

我之前認為這些器具的漢字是冥器而不是明器，直到剛才我看見你的回答。我查了一下，發(fā)現(xiàn)你是對的，我錯了。謝謝你糾正了我一個持續(xù)了40多年的錯誤！

Meng Feifei
Oh, I think 冥器 makes more sense. It might be for the sake of sounding good that people would rather write 明 instead of 冥, like they also like to call 喪事 白喜事.

哦，我想冥器更合理。也許是為了聽起來更好，人們寧愿寫成“明”而不是“冥”，他們也喜歡把喪事叫做“白喜事”。

Nell Zhang
That makes sense. ^^

有道理。

Brent Monday
Nice post.I have burned many piles of “money” in Taiwan along with all of the necessities of life one will need in the great beyond.Everyone woman needs a stylish purse with high heels
And who wants to get caught on the other side of the great divide without a laptop!

It all seems a bit strange to me as a Westerner. My wife was raised Buddhist in Taiwan and although she does not practice Buddhism anymore (we are both atheists), she still feels a need to hedge her bets and burn “money” and other goods so that her mother might have a nice afterlife.I see it as a money machine for the Temples, but such practices can be found in every religion.

我在臺灣燒過很多堆“錢”，以及一個人在來世所需要的生活必需品。每個女人都需要一套時尚的高跟鞋和包。



誰會想在另一個世界沒有一臺筆記本電腦呢！



作為一個西方人，這一切對我來說有點奇怪。我的妻子在臺灣受佛教教育長大，雖然她現(xiàn)在不信佛了（我們都是無神論者），但她仍然覺得有必要對沖她的賭注（寧可信其有），燒錢和其他物品，以便她的母親能有一個美好的來世。我認為這些東西是寺廟的賺錢機器，但這種做法在每個宗教中都可以找到。

Shine Zhang
It is more like a tradition.

這更像是一種傳統(tǒng)。

Alvin Trisnadi
Those animals look so amazingly lively.

那些動物看上去真活潑。

Robert Hudson
That was interesting. Thank you

這些很有趣，謝謝你。

Charan Shanbog
I was watching documentary on the china’s newly discovered pyramids which are built as tomb for emperors similar to Egyptian pyramid which made quite contrevorsy being of same time.Since not many knows how Egyptians built those structures in middle of desert wouldn't it be great if this also Asian influence like all many great things Asian civilization given to the world.

我在看關于中國新發(fā)現(xiàn)的金字塔的紀錄片，這些金字塔是為皇帝建造的，類似于埃及的金字塔，這引起了很大的爭議。因為沒有多少人知道埃及人是如何在沙漠中建造這些建筑的，如果埃及金字塔也像亞洲文明給世界帶來的許多偉大的東西一樣，也對亞洲產生了影響，那不是很棒嗎？

Sam Qwato
Re: “To help the newly dead settle down in another world, we usually burn them lots of paper money and paper-made facilities such as house, car, TV set, computer, iPhone. Those would, as we believe, turn into real things in their world.”
Just wondering…My dad has a stash of 3 houses, 3 Mercedes, 2 BMWs, 2 iPhones, 3 Samsungs, 3 laptops, 1 violin, over the years. I often wonder how he manages such abundance?

“為了幫助新死者在另一個世界定居下來，我們通常燒給他們很多紙錢和紙造的器具，如房子、汽車、電視、電腦、iPhone。正如我們所相信的那樣，這些將在他們的世界里變成真實的東西?！敝皇窍胫馈@些年來，我爸爸有3棟房子、3輛奔馳、2輛寶馬、2部iphone、3部三星、3臺筆記本電腦、1把小提琴。我常常納悶，他是怎么弄到這么多錢的？

Meng Feifei
We only burnt a house, some horses, a little boat, a Honda and an iPhone for my dad. So your dad is a definitely rich guy in their world now.

我們只燒了一棟房子、幾匹馬、一條小船、一輛本田車和我爸爸的一部iPhone。所以在他們的世界里，你爸爸絕對是個有錢人。