QA問(wèn)答：迄今為止發(fā)現(xiàn)的最迷人的古代文物、城市或遺跡是什么?
What are the most fascinating ancient artifacts or cities, ruins ever discovered?
譯文簡(jiǎn)介
網(wǎng)友：一把中國(guó)古代的劍。勾踐劍，有2400年的歷史。這把劍的主人勾踐是大約公元前490年春秋時(shí)期的越王。這把劍是1965年在湖北省荊州的一座墳?zāi)怪邪l(fā)現(xiàn)的。它由銅和錫制成，雖然在地下已經(jīng)保存了24個(gè)世紀(jì)，但它看起來(lái)還是全新的......
正文翻譯
回答一：
Victor Zhang, studied Biology and Medicine & Architecture at Huazhong University of Science and Technology
upxed November 6, 2017 · Upvoted by Yao Zhan, Masters History, La Trobe University (1997)
A ancient Chinese sword. Sword of Goujia, a sword which was made 2400 years. Its master, Goujian, was the king of Yue around 490 BC, during the Spring and Autumn period. The sword was found in a tomb in Jingzhou, Hubei province, in 1965. It is made from copper and tin and looks brand new though it has endured 24 centuries under the earth. It is so sharp that can easily cut 16 layer of paper. The sword is a Category I Historical Relic. You can go to Wuhan and visit Hubei Museum to see it. By the way, the other things in that museum will shock you as well.（1.1K）
一把中國(guó)古代的劍。勾踐劍，有2400年的歷史。這把劍的主人勾踐是大約公元前490年春秋時(shí)期的越王。這把劍是1965年在湖北省荊州的一座墳?zāi)怪邪l(fā)現(xiàn)的。它由銅和錫制成，雖然在地下已經(jīng)保存了24個(gè)世紀(jì)，但它看起來(lái)還是全新的。它非常鋒利，可以很容易地切割16層紙。這把劍是一級(jí)文物。你可以去武漢，去湖北博物館看看。順便說(shuō)一下，博物館里的其他東西也會(huì)讓你震驚。
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upxed November 6, 2017 · Upvoted by Yao Zhan, Masters History, La Trobe University (1997)
A ancient Chinese sword. Sword of Goujia, a sword which was made 2400 years. Its master, Goujian, was the king of Yue around 490 BC, during the Spring and Autumn period. The sword was found in a tomb in Jingzhou, Hubei province, in 1965. It is made from copper and tin and looks brand new though it has endured 24 centuries under the earth. It is so sharp that can easily cut 16 layer of paper. The sword is a Category I Historical Relic. You can go to Wuhan and visit Hubei Museum to see it. By the way, the other things in that museum will shock you as well.（1.1K）
一把中國(guó)古代的劍。勾踐劍，有2400年的歷史。這把劍的主人勾踐是大約公元前490年春秋時(shí)期的越王。這把劍是1965年在湖北省荊州的一座墳?zāi)怪邪l(fā)現(xiàn)的。它由銅和錫制成，雖然在地下已經(jīng)保存了24個(gè)世紀(jì)，但它看起來(lái)還是全新的。它非常鋒利，可以很容易地切割16層紙。這把劍是一級(jí)文物。你可以去武漢，去湖北博物館看看。順便說(shuō)一下，博物館里的其他東西也會(huì)讓你震驚。
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Is that the scabbard, or the blade is exposed?
這是劍鞘嗎，還是直接就是暴露的劍刃？
No scabbard,it is exposed.
沒(méi)有劍鞘，就是暴露的劍刃。
But according to the video provided by Mark Mou, the sword was sheathed, and the commentator mentioned that this was one of the main reason that the sword was preserved so well.
但根據(jù)Mark Mou提供的視頻，這把劍是有鞘的，評(píng)論員提到這是這把劍保存得如此完好的主要原因之一。
Blade itself, scabbard already removed when displayed.
這只是劍刃本身，劍鞘在展示時(shí)已經(jīng)拿走了。
Alloys of copper and tin are usually referred to as bronze.It was used throughout a lot of the ancient world and displaced by iron primarily because iron was much cheaper, not because it was better. At least not until hundreds of years of improvement in ironmaking technologies.
銅和錫的合金通常稱為青銅。青銅在古代被廣泛使用，后來(lái)被鐵取代，主要是因?yàn)殍F更便宜，而不是因?yàn)殍F更好。至少在煉鐵技術(shù)進(jìn)步之前的數(shù)百年間是這樣的。
Tin is rather rare. The only main sources historically were Certain locations in India, Cyprus, Southern Spain and southern Britain
錫是相當(dāng)罕見(jiàn)的。歷史上唯一的主要來(lái)源是印度、塞浦路斯、西班牙南部和英國(guó)南部的某些地區(qū)。
It is an artifact of great beauty and mystery. Part of me wants to know how such a weapon was made but the other part of me wants to preserve the mystique.For me, the most interesting artifact is probably a metal calculator found in the sea off Antikythera.It's reckoned to be 2000 years old and allows the user to make very sophisticated astronomical calculations, well beyond the limits of the assumed technology and knowledge of its time.
Clearly, our understanding of human sophistication is challenged by the Antikythera Device. It continues to surprise the experts as more detail is revealed by today's improved scanning - the Device is rusted solid.
這是一件美麗而神秘的工藝品。我一方面想知道這樣的武器是怎么制造出來(lái)的，另一方面又想保持神秘感。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，最有趣的工藝品可能是在安提基西拉附近海域發(fā)現(xiàn)的金屬計(jì)算器。據(jù)估計(jì)，它已經(jīng)有2000年的歷史了，使用者可以進(jìn)行非常復(fù)雜的天文計(jì)算，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了當(dāng)時(shí)假定的技術(shù)和知識(shí)的限制。很明顯，安提基西拉這個(gè)設(shè)備挑戰(zhàn)了我們對(duì)人類智慧的理解。隨著今天先進(jìn)的掃描技術(shù)揭示出更多的細(xì)節(jié)，專家們繼續(xù)感到驚訝——這個(gè)設(shè)備是生銹的固體。
“It is so sharp that can easily cut 16 layer of paper.” Is there video evidence of that?
“它是如此鋒利，可以很容易地切割16層紙?！坝幸曨l證據(jù)嗎?”
Great first answer, man! Welcome!
第一個(gè)回答很好，伙計(jì)，歡迎光臨！
It is a bronze sword.the main material is bronze,iron can be almost neglect.
這是一把青銅劍，主要材料是青銅，鐵幾乎可以忽略。
I believe it is a marriage of metals, one of which is bronze.
我認(rèn)為這把劍是金屬混合物，其中之一是青銅。
Bronze is an alloy, not a metal
青銅是合金，不是金屬。
Thanks Victor, interesting story, looks like it was a ceremonial sword, or was it used in battle? By the way, you say it’s made of copper and tin, true but that’s called bronze, just saying.
謝謝，Victor，有趣的故事，這把劍看起來(lái)像是一把儀式用的劍，還是在戰(zhàn)斗中使用的？順便說(shuō)一下，你說(shuō)它是用銅和錫做的，沒(méi)錯(cuò)，但那叫青銅，我只是說(shuō)一下。
I think it was a ceremonial sword,because it was a king’s sword.
我認(rèn)為這是一把儀式用的劍，因?yàn)樗菄?guó)王的劍。
Beautiful. I did not think that anything like that would survive in that condition.
太美了，我沒(méi)想到那樣的東西能在那種情況下存活下來(lái)。
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That colour looks like meteorite steel
那種顏色看起來(lái)像隕鐵。
How did it survive in such pristine condition?
它是如何在如此原始的環(huán)境中保存下來(lái)的?
Bronze generally ages quite well. Unlike Iron/Steel which corrodes quite quickly.
青銅的年代一般都很久遠(yuǎn)。不像鋼鐵腐蝕得很快。
Copper and Tin I think makes bronze. Not unique in that time frx.
我想銅和錫可以制成青銅，這在那個(gè)時(shí)代并不罕見(jiàn)。
Dude that is fucking dope
伙計(jì)，這太他喵的酷了。
Not to diminish the sword, but I’m more inclined to mention Angkor Wat, Machu Picchu and Pompeii as utterly fascinating. ;)
我不是要貶低劍，但我更傾向于提到吳哥窟（柬埔寨）、馬丘比丘（古城，位于秘魯中部偏南）和龐貝（意大利那不勒斯古城），它們都是非常迷人的。
That is amazing. I wonder if it is ceremonial and if it is as large as it looks ?I thought the men of that era were of a smaller stature.
太讓人驚訝了。我想知道這把劍是否像看起來(lái)的那么大？我認(rèn)為那個(gè)時(shí)代的男人都是身材矮小的。
Really amazing sword
真正神奇的劍。
回答二：
What fascinate me most are ancient Chinese afterlife facilities (明器).Many already know that we Chinese are an ancestor worshipping race. We believe (not very seriously) that our deads have an afterlife. To help the newly dead settle down in another world, we usually burn them lots of paper money and paper-made facilities such as house, car, TV set, computer, iPhone. Those would, as we believe, turn into real things in their world.
It's said that Emperor Qinshihuang has a copy of his entire empire in his vast tomb, which contains a sun and a moon, mountains and rivers, villages and cities, subjects and soldiers. Now only a tiny group of soldiers have been evacuated. These soldiers are earthenware.For the common deads, they certainly wouldn't enjoy such grandeur, but most of them could afford an earthen property. A well made earthen property would contain a house, a courtyard, a barn, a toilet, a pigsty, a dog house, a chicken house, etc. Many of these have been unearthed and exhibited at museums around the world.
最吸引我的是中國(guó)古代的來(lái)世器具（明器）。許多人已經(jīng)知道我們中國(guó)人是一個(gè)祖先崇拜的種族。我們相信（不是真的相信）我們的死者有來(lái)生。為了幫助新死者在另一個(gè)世界定居下來(lái)，我們通常燒給他們很多紙錢和紙?jiān)斓钠骶?，如房子、汽車、電視、電腦、iPhone。正如我們所相信的那樣，這些將在他們的世界里變成真實(shí)的東西。
然而，在大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)紙張之前的那些時(shí)期呢？難道我們不太關(guān)心我們所愛(ài)的人來(lái)世的幸福嗎？當(dāng)然不是。在紙質(zhì)物品流行之前，人們用陶器來(lái)給他們的尸體陪葬。據(jù)說(shuō)秦始皇在他巨大的陵墓里有他整個(gè)帝國(guó)的復(fù)制品，里面有太陽(yáng)和月亮、山川和河流、村莊和城市、臣民和士兵。現(xiàn)在只有一小群士兵被發(fā)掘，這些士兵是陶器。
對(duì)于普通死者來(lái)說(shuō)，他們當(dāng)然不能享受這樣的奢華陪葬，但他們中的大多數(shù)人都能負(fù)擔(dān)得起一個(gè)陶制器具。這些制作精良的陶器包括房子、庭院、谷倉(cāng)、廁所、豬圈、狗舍、雞舍等等。其中許多已經(jīng)出土，并在世界各地的博物館展出。
1. The pigsty is connected to the toilet, so pigs can feed on human excrement. As disgusting as that.
1. 我從網(wǎng)上找到一些照片，看起來(lái)像可愛(ài)的玩具。豬圈與廁所相連，所以豬可以吃人的糞便，想著就惡心。
2. This is a mansion.
2. 這是一座豪宅。
3. 這只狗看起來(lái)多開(kāi)心??！
4. 這是亡者在過(guò)世后渡過(guò)血河池的船，這樣他就不用渡過(guò)奈何橋，也不用喝會(huì)讓他失去今生所有的記憶孟婆湯。
5. 這是個(gè)羊圈，羊看起來(lái)很胖。
6. 這是一個(gè)豬圈。
回復(fù)：
I had thought the Chinese character was 冥器 instead of 明器, until just now I saw your answer.I looked it up and turned out you are right and I was wrong. Thanks for correcting me a mistake lasted for more than 40 years!
我之前認(rèn)為這些器具的漢字是冥器而不是明器，直到剛才我看見(jiàn)你的回答。我查了一下，發(fā)現(xiàn)你是對(duì)的，我錯(cuò)了。謝謝你糾正了我一個(gè)持續(xù)了40多年的錯(cuò)誤！
Oh, I think 冥器 makes more sense. It might be for the sake of sounding good that people would rather write 明 instead of 冥, like they also like to call 喪事 白喜事.
哦，我想冥器更合理。也許是為了聽(tīng)起來(lái)更好，人們寧愿寫成“明”而不是“冥”，他們也喜歡把喪事叫做“白喜事”。
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That makes sense. ^^
有道理。
Nice post.I have burned many piles of “money” in Taiwan along with all of the necessities of life one will need in the great beyond.Everyone woman needs a stylish purse with high heels
And who wants to get caught on the other side of the great divide without a laptop!
It all seems a bit strange to me as a Westerner. My wife was raised Buddhist in Taiwan and although she does not practice Buddhism anymore (we are both atheists), she still feels a need to hedge her bets and burn “money” and other goods so that her mother might have a nice afterlife.I see it as a money machine for the Temples, but such practices can be found in every religion.
我在臺(tái)灣燒過(guò)很多堆“錢”，以及一個(gè)人在來(lái)世所需要的生活必需品。每個(gè)女人都需要一套時(shí)尚的高跟鞋和包。
誰(shuí)會(huì)想在另一個(gè)世界沒(méi)有一臺(tái)筆記本電腦呢！
作為一個(gè)西方人，這一切對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)有點(diǎn)奇怪。我的妻子在臺(tái)灣受佛教教育長(zhǎng)大，雖然她現(xiàn)在不信佛了（我們都是無(wú)神論者），但她仍然覺(jué)得有必要對(duì)沖她的賭注（寧可信其有），燒錢和其他物品，以便她的母親能有一個(gè)美好的來(lái)世。我認(rèn)為這些東西是寺廟的賺錢機(jī)器，但這種做法在每個(gè)宗教中都可以找到。
It is more like a tradition.
這更像是一種傳統(tǒng)。
Those animals look so amazingly lively.
那些動(dòng)物看上去真活潑。
That was interesting. Thank you
這些很有趣，謝謝你。
I was watching documentary on the china’s newly discovered pyramids which are built as tomb for emperors similar to Egyptian pyramid which made quite contrevorsy being of same time.Since not many knows how Egyptians built those structures in middle of desert wouldn't it be great if this also Asian influence like all many great things Asian civilization given to the world.
我在看關(guān)于中國(guó)新發(fā)現(xiàn)的金字塔的紀(jì)錄片，這些金字塔是為皇帝建造的，類似于埃及的金字塔，這引起了很大的爭(zhēng)議。因?yàn)闆](méi)有多少人知道埃及人是如何在沙漠中建造這些建筑的，如果埃及金字塔也像亞洲文明給世界帶來(lái)的許多偉大的東西一樣，也對(duì)亞洲產(chǎn)生了影響，那不是很棒嗎？
Re: “To help the newly dead settle down in another world, we usually burn them lots of paper money and paper-made facilities such as house, car, TV set, computer, iPhone. Those would, as we believe, turn into real things in their world.”
Just wondering…My dad has a stash of 3 houses, 3 Mercedes, 2 BMWs, 2 iPhones, 3 Samsungs, 3 laptops, 1 violin, over the years. I often wonder how he manages such abundance?
“為了幫助新死者在另一個(gè)世界定居下來(lái)，我們通常燒給他們很多紙錢和紙?jiān)斓钠骶撸绶孔?、汽車、電視、電腦、iPhone。正如我們所相信的那樣，這些將在他們的世界里變成真實(shí)的東西?！敝皇窍胫馈@些年來(lái)，我爸爸有3棟房子、3輛奔馳、2輛寶馬、2部iphone、3部三星、3臺(tái)筆記本電腦、1把小提琴。我常常納悶，他是怎么弄到這么多錢的？
We only burnt a house, some horses, a little boat, a Honda and an iPhone for my dad. So your dad is a definitely rich guy in their world now.
我們只燒了一棟房子、幾匹馬、一條小船、一輛本田車和我爸爸的一部iPhone。所以在他們的世界里，你爸爸絕對(duì)是個(gè)有錢人。