Largest UK public sector trial of four-day week sees huge benefits, research finds
-South Cambridgeshire experiment led to fewer refuse collectors quitting and faster planning decisions

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，英國(guó)公共部門(mén)對(duì)四天工作制的最大嘗試帶來(lái)了巨大好處
——南劍橋郡的實(shí)驗(yàn)導(dǎo)致了更少的垃圾收集者辭職和更快的規(guī)劃決策


(Council rubbish bins in Cambourne, Cambridge.)

（劍橋大學(xué)坎伯恩市議會(huì)的垃圾桶。）
新聞：

In the largest public sector trial of the four-day week in Britain, fewer refuse collectors quit and there were faster planning decisions, more rapid benefits processing and quicker call answering, independent research has found.

獨(dú)立研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在英國(guó)規(guī)模最大的為期四天的公共部門(mén)試驗(yàn)中，實(shí)現(xiàn)了更少的垃圾收集者辭職，更快的規(guī)劃決策，更快的福利處理和更快的電話(huà)接聽(tīng)。

South Cambridgeshire district council’s controversial experiment with a shorter working week resulted in improvements in performance in 11 out of 24 areas, little or no change in 11 areas and worsening of performance in two areas, according to analysis of productivity before and during the 15-month trial by academics at the universities of Cambridge and Salford.

劍橋大學(xué)和索爾福德大學(xué)的學(xué)者對(duì)南劍橋郡區(qū)議會(huì)為期15個(gè)月的試驗(yàn)前后的生產(chǎn)力進(jìn)行了分析，結(jié)果顯示，縮短工作周這一備受爭(zhēng)議的試驗(yàn)在24個(gè)領(lǐng)域中有11個(gè)領(lǐng)域的表現(xiàn)有所改善，在11個(gè)領(lǐng)域幾乎沒(méi)有變化，在兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域的表現(xiàn)有所惡化。
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The trial by the Liberal Democrat-controlled authority drew a furious reaction from the Conservative government, with a minister telling the borough leader, Bridget Smith, to “end your experiment immediately”, complaining that it would not give value for money for local taxpayers.

由自由民主黨控制的（地方）政府進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)引起了保守黨政府的強(qiáng)烈反應(yīng)，一位大臣告訴自治市領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人布里奇特·史密斯“立即結(jié)束你的實(shí)驗(yàn)”，并抱怨說(shuō)這不會(huì)讓當(dāng)?shù)丶{稅人的錢(qián)物有所值。

The Tory former local MP, Anthony Browne, who was defeated by a Liberal Democrat in last week’s general election, had attacked the trial as “an ideological crusade”.

保守黨前地方議員安東尼·布朗在上周的大選中被自由民主黨擊敗，他抨擊這次實(shí)驗(yàn)是“一場(chǎng)意識(shí)形態(tài)的十字軍東征”。

The multi-year study of the trial involving about 450 desk staff plus refuse collectors found:

這項(xiàng)歷時(shí)數(shù)年的研究涉及約450名前臺(tái)工作人員和垃圾收集人員，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：

1、Staff turnover fell by 39%, helping save ￡371,500 in a year, mostly on agency staff costs.
2、Regular household planning applications were decided about a week and a half earlier.
3、Approximately 15% more major planning application decisions were completed within the correct timescale, compared with before.
4、The time taken to process changes to housing benefit and council tax benefit claims fell.

1、員工流動(dòng)率下降39%，一年節(jié)省371500英鎊，主要是代理人員成本。
2、常規(guī)的家庭計(jì)劃申請(qǐng)?jiān)谝粋€(gè)半星期前就決定了。
3、與以前相比，在正確的時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)完成了大約15%的重大規(guī)劃申請(qǐng)決策。
4、處理住房福利和市政稅福利申請(qǐng)變更所需的時(shí)間減少了。

On the downside, rent collection for council housing worsened slightly, although this was attributed to the cost of living crisis. The speed with which empty council houses were relet fell slightly, from 28 to 30 days on average. The results were adjusted for the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.

不利的一面是，廉租房的租金收取情況略有惡化，盡管這是由于生活成本危機(jī)造成的?？罩昧夥康某鲎馑俣嚷杂邢陆?，從平均28天降至30天。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果根據(jù)新冠大流行的影響進(jìn)行了調(diào)整。

Joe Ryle, the director of the 4 Day Week Campaign said the results heralded “a huge opportunity for councils and organisations across the public sector to start planning for a four-day working week”.

“4天工作周”運(yùn)動(dòng)的負(fù)責(zé)人喬·賴(lài)爾說(shuō)，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果預(yù)示著“公共部門(mén)的議會(huì)和組織開(kāi)始規(guī)劃一周工作4天的巨大機(jī)會(huì)”。

The new Labour government is expected to push the NHS to work longer hours to reduce waiting lists, with more operations at weekends, and is preparing to speed up the planning process to boost housebuilding.

預(yù)計(jì)新的工黨政府將推動(dòng)國(guó)家醫(yī)療體系延長(zhǎng)工作時(shí)間，以減少等待名單，并在周末增加運(yùn)營(yíng)，并準(zhǔn)備加快規(guī)劃過(guò)程，以促進(jìn)住房建設(shè)。
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Productivity has flatlined in the British economy since the pandemic after historically rising at about 2% annually. In 2019, Labour under Jeremy Corbyn included plans to cut the working week to 32 hours with no loss of pay in its manifesto, but this year the party said nothing about enabling a four-day week in its latest promises. It has pledged to deliver economic growth and productivity growth across the economy to enable greater spending on public services without raising income tax, national insurance and VAT.

自疫情以來(lái)，英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的生產(chǎn)率一直處于停滯狀態(tài)，而歷史上的年增長(zhǎng)率約為2%。2019年，杰里米·科爾賓領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的工黨在其宣言中包括了將每周工作時(shí)間削減至32小時(shí)且不減薪的計(jì)劃，但今年該黨在其最新承諾中沒(méi)有提及實(shí)現(xiàn)四天工作周。它承諾在不提高所得稅、國(guó)民保險(xiǎn)和增值稅的情況下，實(shí)現(xiàn)整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)，從而增加公共服務(wù)支出。

Employers everywhere from Sweden to the United Arab Emirates and New Zealand to the US have experimented with the four-day week. But last week the government of Greece announced a new six-day week policy for private companies aimed at boosting the economy amid a shrinking population and shortage of skilled workers. It is seeking longer hours from workers to turbocharge productivity.

從瑞典到阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長(zhǎng)國(guó)，從新西蘭到美國(guó)，世界各地的雇主都在嘗試四天工作制。但上周，希臘政府宣布了一項(xiàng)針對(duì)私營(yíng)企業(yè)的新六天工作制政策，目的是在人口減少和熟練工人短缺的情況下提振經(jīng)濟(jì)。該公司正在尋求延長(zhǎng)工人的工作時(shí)間，以提高生產(chǎn)率。

Under the South Cambridgeshire trial, which began in January 2023 and ran to April 2024, staff were expected to carry out 100% of their work in 80% of the time for 100% of the pay. The full trial cut staff turnover by 39% and scores for employees’ physical and mental health, motivation and commitment all improved, the study showed.

南劍橋郡的試點(diǎn)從2023年1月開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到2024年4月，員工需要在80%的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成100%的工作，獲得100%的工資。研究顯示，整個(gè)試驗(yàn)將員工流失率降低了39%，員工的身心健康、積極性和敬業(yè)度得分都有所提高。

“Coupled with the hundreds of thousands of pounds of taxpayer money that we have saved, improved recruitment and retention and positives around health and wellbeing, this brave and pioneering trial has clearly been a success,” said John Williams, the lead council member for resources. “We know we cannot compete on salary alone and have needed to find bold new ways of tackling our recruitment and retention issues.”

“再加上我們節(jié)省了數(shù)十萬(wàn)英鎊的納稅人的錢(qián)，改善了招聘和留住員工，并在健康和福利方面取得了積極的進(jìn)展，這一勇敢而開(kāi)拓性的試驗(yàn)顯然是成功的，”負(fù)責(zé)資源的委員會(huì)首席成員約翰·威廉姆斯說(shuō)?！拔覀冎?，我們無(wú)法僅靠薪酬來(lái)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，我們需要找到大膽的新方法來(lái)解決我們的招聘和留住問(wèn)題。”

Mike Davey, the leader of Cambridge city council, which shares planning services with South Cambridgeshire, described the trial as “a win-win-win situation, with improved service delivery for residents, reduced staffing costs for the council, and a better work-life balance for council staff.”

與南劍橋郡共享規(guī)劃服務(wù)的劍橋市議會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人邁克·戴維稱(chēng)，這一試驗(yàn)是“一個(gè)三贏的局面，既改善了居民的服務(wù)提供，又降低了議會(huì)的人力成本，還改善了議會(huì)工作人員的工作與生活平衡?！?/b>

Scores of private companies have already adopted the approach, with many finding it helps staff retention. Ryle said the South Cambridgeshire results “prove once and for all that a four-day week with no loss of pay absolutely can succeed in a local government setting”.

許多私營(yíng)公司已經(jīng)采用了這種方法，許多公司發(fā)現(xiàn)這有助于留住員工。賴(lài)爾說(shuō)，南劍橋郡的結(jié)果“徹底證明，在地方政府環(huán)境下，四天工作周不減薪絕對(duì)可以成功”。