UK universities urged to end drugs zero tolerance and focus on harm reduction

英國(guó)大學(xué)敦促結(jié)束毒品零容忍，轉(zhuǎn)而把重點(diǎn)放在減少危害上


(Jeni Larmour, 18, who died on her first day at Newcastle University in 2020, after consuming a lethal combination of alcohol and ketamine.)

（2020年，18歲的珍妮·拉莫爾在進(jìn)入紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)的第一天就去世了，死因是酒精和氯胺酮的致命組合。）
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UK universities are being urged to ditch a zero-tolerance approach to drug use and focus instead on public health and harm reduction, with drug testing and non-judgmental support for students seeking help.

英國(guó)大學(xué)被敦促放棄對(duì)吸毒的零容忍態(tài)度，轉(zhuǎn)而關(guān)注公共衛(wèi)生和減少危害，為尋求幫助的學(xué)生提供毒品測(cè)試和非評(píng)判性支持。

The warning came as new research found students are less likely to use drugs than those of the same age group in the general population. Of the minority that do, more than two out of five would like to reduce their use.

這一警告是伴隨一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與一般人群中同年齡段的人相比，學(xué)生吸毒的可能性更小而發(fā)出的。在少數(shù)吸毒的學(xué)生中，超過(guò)五分之二的人希望減少攝入。

Experts remain concerned that a zero-tolerance approach still deployed on some campuses, including fines, suspensions and expulsions, does little to reduce drug use and could deter students from coming forward for help.

專家們?nèi)匀粨?dān)心，一些校園仍然采取零容忍的方式，包括罰款、停學(xué)和開(kāi)除，這對(duì)減少吸毒幾乎沒(méi)有作用，而且可能會(huì)阻止學(xué)生主動(dòng)尋求幫助。

Almost one in five (18%) out of 4,000 students who took part in a poll for Universities UK (UUK) – the organization that represents 142 higher education providers – told researchers they had used drugs in the past, while one in eight (12%) had used drugs in the past year.

“英國(guó)大學(xué)”是一個(gè)代表142所高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)的組織，在4000名參加調(diào)查的學(xué)生中，近五分之一（18%）的人告訴研究人員，他們過(guò)去曾使用過(guò)毒品，而八分之一（12%）的人在過(guò)去一年中使用過(guò)毒品。
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Of those who had ever taken drugs, the most commonly used in the past year were cannabis (53%), cocaine (8%), prescxtion drugs (7%), ketamine (6%) and ecstasy (4%).

在曾經(jīng)吸毒的人中，去年最常用的是大麻（53%）、可卡因（8%）、處方藥（7%）、氯胺酮（6%）和搖頭丸（4%）。

Among non-students, almost 18% of 16- to 24-year-olds in England and Wales reported drug use in the year up to March 2023, according to the Office for National Statistics, while in Scotland, 23.5% of the same age group had used drugs in the year prior to being surveyed.

英國(guó)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在非學(xué)生群體中，在截至2023年3月的一年中，英格蘭和威爾士16歲至24歲的年輕人中有近18%的人報(bào)告使用過(guò)毒品。而在蘇格蘭，23.5%的同年齡段人群在接受調(diào)查前一年使用過(guò)毒品。

According to UUK, only one in five students who have used drugs in the past 12 months have asked for support from their institution. Of those students who did seek support, nearly half (46%) said their university’s drug policy was a barrier, while more than a third (37%) feared the consequences of coming forward.

根據(jù)英國(guó)聯(lián)合大學(xué)的數(shù)據(jù)，在過(guò)去的12個(gè)月里，只有五分之一的吸毒學(xué)生向?qū)W校尋求過(guò)支持。在那些尋求幫助的學(xué)生中，近一半的人說(shuō)他們學(xué)校的毒品政策是一個(gè)障礙，而超過(guò)三分之一的人擔(dān)心站出來(lái)承認(rèn)的后果。

Jeni Larmour, 18, of Newtownhamilton in Northern Ireland, died in October 2020 on her first day at Newcastle University after consuming a lethal combination of alcohol and ketamine given to her “by another”, according to a coroner.

據(jù)一名驗(yàn)尸官稱，來(lái)自北愛(ài)爾蘭紐頓漢密爾頓的18歲女孩珍妮·拉莫爾于2020年10月在紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)的第一天死亡，死因是攝入了“另一個(gè)人”給她的致命酒精和氯胺酮。

Her mother, Sandra Larmour, welcomed the report and said her own views on drug policy had changed. Where once she might have backed zero tolerance, she now favours educating and supporting students, though she said universities should never condone drug use.

她的母親桑德拉·拉莫爾對(duì)這份報(bào)告表示歡迎，并表示她自己對(duì)毒品政策的看法已經(jīng)改變。她曾經(jīng)可能支持零容忍，但現(xiàn)在她支持教育和支持學(xué)生，盡管她說(shuō)大學(xué)永遠(yuǎn)不應(yīng)該容忍吸毒。

“If you tell a bunch of teenagers ‘don’t do something’, you’re on a hiding to nothing. Anybody that’s got children knows that – they’re going to go out and do it,” Larmour said.

拉莫爾說(shuō)：“如果你告訴一群青少年'不要做某事'，你就會(huì)一無(wú)所獲。任何有孩子的人都知道這一點(diǎn)——他們會(huì)出去做這件事的。

“But if you’re doing something in an open and informed manner, that can only help. If you’ve got people there with insight, knowledge and professional experience that can give them guidance on it, and they feel they can come forward, that’s a very positive step.”

“但如果你以公開(kāi)和知情的方式做某事，那只會(huì)有所幫助。如果你在那里找到了有洞察力、知識(shí)和專業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人，可以給他們提供指導(dǎo)，他們覺(jué)得自己可以挺身站出來(lái)，這是非常積極的一步。”

The SafeCourse charity, which was set up to promote harm reduction policies on UK campuses, welcomed UUK’s new frxwork for action. Its founder, Hilton Mervis, whose son Daniel died of an accidental overdose, said a zero-tolerance approach may have discouraged him from seeking help because of fear of expulsion.

為在英國(guó)校園推廣減少傷害政策而設(shè)立的安全課程慈善機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)英國(guó)新的行動(dòng)框架表示歡迎。它的創(chuàng)始人希爾頓·默維斯的兒子丹尼爾因意外服藥過(guò)量而死亡。他說(shuō)，零容忍的態(tài)度可能使他因?yàn)楹ε卤或?qū)逐而不愿尋求幫助。

“Drugs left a hole in my family’s life because Daniel was failed by zero-tolerance policies,” he said, adding that the college now has a “clear harm reduction policy which puts the safety and wellbeing of their students first.

他說(shuō)：“毒品在我的家庭生活中留下了一個(gè)空洞，因?yàn)榈つ釥枦](méi)有遵守零容忍政策?！彼a(bǔ)充說(shuō)，學(xué)院現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)“明確的減少傷害政策，把學(xué)生的安全和福祉放在第一位?！?/b>

“Yet many universities continue to declare zero tolerance on drugs. In practice, this means zero action. This puts students at risk. The time has come for universities to adopt active, student-led harm reduction approaches.”

“然而，許多大學(xué)繼續(xù)宣稱對(duì)毒品零容忍。在實(shí)踐中，這意味著零行動(dòng)。這讓學(xué)生處于危險(xiǎn)之中。現(xiàn)在是大學(xué)采取積極的、以學(xué)生為主導(dǎo)的減少傷害方法的時(shí)候了。”

The UUK report, Enabling student health and success: tackling supply and demand for drugs and improving harm reduction, published on Tuesday, also calls on universities to promote and inform students of drug checking services. “Students often do not know the contents and strength of illicit drugs at the point of purchase,” it says.

本周二公布的這份名為《促進(jìn)學(xué)生健康和成功：解決毒品供求問(wèn)題，減少危害》的報(bào)告還呼吁大學(xué)推廣并告知學(xué)生毒品檢查服務(wù)。報(bào)告稱：“學(xué)生在購(gòu)買時(shí)往往不知道違禁藥物的成分和強(qiáng)度。

“The consequences of this can be fatal. Drug checking provides an independent service which encourages students to have any substances of concern tested by chemists, and the results discussed during a consultation with a health professional.”

“這樣的后果可能是致命的。藥物檢查提供了一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的服務(wù)，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生讓化學(xué)家檢測(cè)任何令人擔(dān)憂的物質(zhì)，并在咨詢健康專業(yè)人員時(shí)討論結(jié)果?！?/b>
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It also suggests a sliding scale of warnings of increasing severity for repeat incidents over an agreed timefrx to ensure a university is not perceived as permissive about the use of drugs.

該報(bào)告還建議，在商定的時(shí)間框架內(nèi)，對(duì)重復(fù)發(fā)生的事件進(jìn)行逐步加重的警告，以確保一所大學(xué)不會(huì)被視為縱容使用毒品。
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Larmour urged parents whose children are preparing to go off to university in the autumn to talk to their child. “Make sure that you’re open and honest with them.” To youngsters about to leave home, she said: “Be aware of your surroundings. Be aware of who your friends are. Think before you do anything.

拉莫爾敦促那些準(zhǔn)備在秋天上大學(xué)的孩子的父母和他們的孩子談?wù)??！按_保你對(duì)他們是開(kāi)放和誠(chéng)實(shí)的?！睂?duì)于即將離家的年輕人，她說(shuō)：“注意你周圍的環(huán)境。知道誰(shuí)是你的朋友。三思而后行。

“I miss Jeni every day of my life. I think about her all the time. Everything I do, I do it for one reason. That’s to keep her name alive, to keep her name on people’s lips, to keep her memory alive.”

“我每天都在想念珍妮。我一直在想她。我做的每件事，都只有一個(gè)原因。這是為了讓她的名字流傳下去，讓她的名字留在人們的嘴邊，讓她的記憶永存?！?br />