UK universities urged to end drugs zero tolerance and focus on harm reduction

英國大學敦促結束毒品零容忍,轉而把重點放在減少危害上



(Jeni Larmour, 18, who died on her first day at Newcastle University in 2020, after consuming a lethal combination of alcohol and ketamine.)

(2020年,18歲的珍妮·拉莫爾在進入紐卡斯爾大學的第一天就去世了,死因是酒精和氯胺酮的致命組合。)
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UK universities are being urged to ditch a zero-tolerance approach to drug use and focus instead on public health and harm reduction, with drug testing and non-judgmental support for students seeking help.

英國大學被敦促放棄對吸毒的零容忍態(tài)度,轉而關注公共衛(wèi)生和減少危害,為尋求幫助的學生提供毒品測試和非評判性支持。

The warning came as new research found students are less likely to use drugs than those of the same age group in the general population. Of the minority that do, more than two out of five would like to reduce their use.

這一警告是伴隨一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與一般人群中同年齡段的人相比,學生吸毒的可能性更小而發(fā)出的。在少數(shù)吸毒的學生中,超過五分之二的人希望減少攝入。

Experts remain concerned that a zero-tolerance approach still deployed on some campuses, including fines, suspensions and expulsions, does little to reduce drug use and could deter students from coming forward for help.

專家們?nèi)匀粨模恍┬@仍然采取零容忍的方式,包括罰款、停學和開除,這對減少吸毒幾乎沒有作用,而且可能會阻止學生主動尋求幫助。

Almost one in five (18%) out of 4,000 students who took part in a poll for Universities UK (UUK) – the organization that represents 142 higher education providers – told researchers they had used drugs in the past, while one in eight (12%) had used drugs in the past year.

“英國大學”是一個代表142所高等教育機構的組織,在4000名參加調(diào)查的學生中,近五分之一(18%)的人告訴研究人員,他們過去曾使用過毒品,而八分之一(12%)的人在過去一年中使用過毒品。

Of those who had ever taken drugs, the most commonly used in the past year were cannabis (53%), cocaine (8%), prescxtion drugs (7%), ketamine (6%) and ecstasy (4%).

在曾經(jīng)吸毒的人中,去年最常用的是大麻(53%)、可卡因(8%)、處方藥(7%)、氯胺酮(6%)和搖頭丸(4%)。

Among non-students, almost 18% of 16- to 24-year-olds in England and Wales reported drug use in the year up to March 2023, according to the Office for National Statistics, while in Scotland, 23.5% of the same age group had used drugs in the year prior to being surveyed.

英國國家統(tǒng)計局的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,在非學生群體中,在截至2023年3月的一年中,英格蘭和威爾士16歲至24歲的年輕人中有近18%的人報告使用過毒品。而在蘇格蘭,23.5%的同年齡段人群在接受調(diào)查前一年使用過毒品。

According to UUK, only one in five students who have used drugs in the past 12 months have asked for support from their institution. Of those students who did seek support, nearly half (46%) said their university’s drug policy was a barrier, while more than a third (37%) feared the consequences of coming forward.

根據(jù)英國聯(lián)合大學的數(shù)據(jù),在過去的12個月里,只有五分之一的吸毒學生向?qū)W校尋求過支持。在那些尋求幫助的學生中,近一半的人說他們學校的毒品政策是一個障礙,而超過三分之一的人擔心站出來承認的后果。

Jeni Larmour, 18, of Newtownhamilton in Northern Ireland, died in October 2020 on her first day at Newcastle University after consuming a lethal combination of alcohol and ketamine given to her “by another”, according to a coroner.

據(jù)一名驗尸官稱,來自北愛爾蘭紐頓漢密爾頓的18歲女孩珍妮·拉莫爾于2020年10月在紐卡斯爾大學的第一天死亡,死因是攝入了“另一個人”給她的致命酒精和氯胺酮。

Her mother, Sandra Larmour, welcomed the report and said her own views on drug policy had changed. Where once she might have backed zero tolerance, she now favours educating and supporting students, though she said universities should never condone drug use.

她的母親桑德拉·拉莫爾對這份報告表示歡迎,并表示她自己對毒品政策的看法已經(jīng)改變。她曾經(jīng)可能支持零容忍,但現(xiàn)在她支持教育和支持學生,盡管她說大學永遠不應該容忍吸毒。

“If you tell a bunch of teenagers ‘don’t do something’, you’re on a hiding to nothing. Anybody that’s got children knows that – they’re going to go out and do it,” Larmour said.

拉莫爾說:“如果你告訴一群青少年'不要做某事',你就會一無所獲。任何有孩子的人都知道這一點——他們會出去做這件事的。

“But if you’re doing something in an open and informed manner, that can only help. If you’ve got people there with insight, knowledge and professional experience that can give them guidance on it, and they feel they can come forward, that’s a very positive step.”

“但如果你以公開和知情的方式做某事,那只會有所幫助。如果你在那里找到了有洞察力、知識和專業(yè)經(jīng)驗的人,可以給他們提供指導,他們覺得自己可以挺身站出來,這是非常積極的一步?!?br />
The SafeCourse charity, which was set up to promote harm reduction policies on UK campuses, welcomed UUK’s new frxwork for action. Its founder, Hilton Mervis, whose son Daniel died of an accidental overdose, said a zero-tolerance approach may have discouraged him from seeking help because of fear of expulsion.

為在英國校園推廣減少傷害政策而設立的安全課程慈善機構對英國新的行動框架表示歡迎。它的創(chuàng)始人希爾頓·默維斯的兒子丹尼爾因意外服藥過量而死亡。他說,零容忍的態(tài)度可能使他因為害怕被驅(qū)逐而不愿尋求幫助。

“Drugs left a hole in my family’s life because Daniel was failed by zero-tolerance policies,” he said, adding that the college now has a “clear harm reduction policy which puts the safety and wellbeing of their students first.

他說:“毒品在我的家庭生活中留下了一個空洞,因為丹尼爾沒有遵守零容忍政策?!彼a充說,學院現(xiàn)在有一個“明確的減少傷害政策,把學生的安全和福祉放在第一位?!?br />
“Yet many universities continue to declare zero tolerance on drugs. In practice, this means zero action. This puts students at risk. The time has come for universities to adopt active, student-led harm reduction approaches.”

“然而,許多大學繼續(xù)宣稱對毒品零容忍。在實踐中,這意味著零行動。這讓學生處于危險之中?,F(xiàn)在是大學采取積極的、以學生為主導的減少傷害方法的時候了。”

The UUK report, Enabling student health and success: tackling supply and demand for drugs and improving harm reduction, published on Tuesday, also calls on universities to promote and inform students of drug checking services. “Students often do not know the contents and strength of illicit drugs at the point of purchase,” it says.

本周二公布的這份名為《促進學生健康和成功:解決毒品供求問題,減少危害》的報告還呼吁大學推廣并告知學生毒品檢查服務。報告稱:“學生在購買時往往不知道違禁藥物的成分和強度。

“The consequences of this can be fatal. Drug checking provides an independent service which encourages students to have any substances of concern tested by chemists, and the results discussed during a consultation with a health professional.”

“這樣的后果可能是致命的。藥物檢查提供了一項獨立的服務,鼓勵學生讓化學家檢測任何令人擔憂的物質(zhì),并在咨詢健康專業(yè)人員時討論結果?!?br />
It also suggests a sliding scale of warnings of increasing severity for repeat incidents over an agreed timefrx to ensure a university is not perceived as permissive about the use of drugs.

該報告還建議,在商定的時間框架內(nèi),對重復發(fā)生的事件進行逐步加重的警告,以確保一所大學不會被視為縱容使用毒品。

Larmour urged parents whose children are preparing to go off to university in the autumn to talk to their child. “Make sure that you’re open and honest with them.” To youngsters about to leave home, she said: “Be aware of your surroundings. Be aware of who your friends are. Think before you do anything.

拉莫爾敦促那些準備在秋天上大學的孩子的父母和他們的孩子談談。“確保你對他們是開放和誠實的。”對于即將離家的年輕人,她說:“注意你周圍的環(huán)境。知道誰是你的朋友。三思而后行。

“I miss Jeni every day of my life. I think about her all the time. Everything I do, I do it for one reason. That’s to keep her name alive, to keep her name on people’s lips, to keep her memory alive.”

“我每天都在想念珍妮。我一直在想她。我做的每件事,都只有一個原因。這是為了讓她的名字流傳下去,讓她的名字留在人們的嘴邊,讓她的記憶永存?!?br />