什么是“彈劾總統(tǒng)”?
What is "Impeachment of President"?譯文簡介
網(wǎng)友:彈劾對一位總統(tǒng)意味著什么?對于美國總統(tǒng)而言,彈劾意味著眾議院以多數(shù)票通過了彈劾條款,指控總統(tǒng)犯有“重罪和輕罪”。并沒有官方定義哪些不當(dāng)行為構(gòu)成“重罪和輕罪”,因此這完全取決于眾議院如何判斷哪些不當(dāng)行為嚴(yán)重到足以啟動彈劾程序。通常情況下,總統(tǒng)的支持率會因此而急劇下降……
正文翻譯
What is "Impeachment of President"?
什么是“彈劾總統(tǒng)”?
什么是“彈劾總統(tǒng)”?
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Article 61 of the “Constitution of India” gives the procedures for the Impeachment of President.
According to the “Constitution Of India” :- Removal process of president for the violation of constitution is termed as “IMPEACHMENT”.But there is a difference between REMOVAL & IMPEACHMENT, in our constitution the impeachment word is used only for the removal of president while removal is used for the other government's authorities like judges of the courts etc.
《印度憲法》第61條詳細(xì)規(guī)定了彈劾總理的程序。根據(jù)《印度憲法》,總理因違反憲法而被罷免的程序被稱為“彈劾”。然而,在我們的憲法中,“罷免”和“彈劾”這兩個詞是有區(qū)別的。“彈劾”一詞專指總統(tǒng)的罷免程序,而“罷免”則用于其他政府官員,比如法院的法官等。
The President can be removed from office by a process of IMPEACHMENT for the violation of the Constitution of India.However the Constitution doesn't define the meaning of phrase “ Violation of the Constitution”.
The IMPEACHMENT is a “QUASI JUDICIAL PROCEDURE in the PARLIAMENT ”
根據(jù)《印度憲法》中關(guān)于總理任期的規(guī)定,尊敬的印度總理的任期為五年,從他就職之日起算。盡管如此,總理可以隨時通過向尊敬的副總理提交辭職信來辭職。此外,總理也可以通過彈劾程序被免職。
總理因違反《印度憲法》可以通過彈劾程序被免職。然而,憲法并沒有明確“違反憲法”這一術(shù)語的具體含義。
彈劾是一種議會中的準(zhǔn)司法程序。、
After the impeachment resolution is passed by a majority of two-thirds(2/3) of the total membership of that respective house, it is sent to the other house, which should investigate the charges.
The President has the right to appear and to be represented at such investigation.
If the other house also sustains the charges and passes the impeachment resolution by a majority of two-thirds of the total membership, then the standing President removed from his office from the date on which the resolution is so passed.
彈劾程序可以由議會的任何一個院(上議院或下議院)啟動。提出彈劾指控時,需要該院四分之一的成員簽名,并且必須提前14天通知總理。
一旦彈劾決議在該院以總成員數(shù)的三分之二(2/3)多數(shù)通過,該決議將被送交另一院進行調(diào)查。
總理有權(quán)在調(diào)查過程中親自出席或由代表出庭。
如果另一院也支持這些指控,并且以總成員數(shù)的三分之二多數(shù)票通過彈劾決議,那么現(xiàn)任總理將從決議通過之日起被解除職務(wù)。
What does the impeachment mean for Trump?
A distraction from doing his job, and, I would imagine, confirmation that the Democratic Party will not cooperate with him on anything, nor will the press report on him in a good faith manner, no matter what the stakes for the country. And if I may speculate further, little incentive to tone down his behavior or rhetoric since they are going to come after him no matter what.
彈劾對特朗普意味著什么?
這意味著他可能會從本職工作中分心,而且我推測,這可能證實了民主黨不會在任何事務(wù)上與他合作,媒體也不會以公正的態(tài)度報道他,不論這對國家有多關(guān)鍵。如果我可以進一步推測,他也沒有什么動機去減輕他的行為或言辭的激烈程度,因為他們無論如何都會對他發(fā)起攻擊。
What does impeachment mean for a president?
Impeachment for a US President means that the House of Representatives has by a majority vote passed articles of impeachment charging the president with “high crimes and misdemeanors.” There is no official definition of what misconduct qualifies as “high crimes and misdemeanors”, so it is whatever misconduct that House decides to be serious enough to merit impeachment. Most likely, the President will experience an immediate dip in his or her approval rating.
Once impeached, the president is tried by the Senate. If the president is found guilty of the charges by a two-thirds majority of the senators present, the president is removed from office. Otherwise, the president resumes his or her duties with no consequences other than a blot on the president’s historical record.
彈劾對一位總統(tǒng)意味著什么?
對于美國總統(tǒng)而言,彈劾意味著眾議院以多數(shù)票通過了彈劾條款,指控總統(tǒng)犯有“重罪和輕罪”。并沒有官方定義哪些不當(dāng)行為構(gòu)成“重罪和輕罪”,因此這完全取決于眾議院如何判斷哪些不當(dāng)行為嚴(yán)重到足以啟動彈劾程序。通常情況下,總統(tǒng)的支持率會因此而急劇下降。
一旦總統(tǒng)被彈劾,將由參議院進行審判。如果在場參議員的三分之二多數(shù)認(rèn)定總統(tǒng)有罪,總統(tǒng)將被免職。否則,除了在總統(tǒng)的歷史記錄上留下污點之外,不會有任何后果。
What does impeachment do to a president?
Impeachment by itself means a trial in the Senate.
Judgment in impeachment cases can mean anything up to removal from office and prohibition against holding that or any other office of honor, trust or profit under the United States. See Article I, Section 3, Clauses 6 and 7.
A President so removed loses the privileges and immunities of the office. See again Article I, Section 3, Clause 7.
彈劾對總統(tǒng)有何影響?
彈劾本身意味著總統(tǒng)將在參議院接受審判。
在彈劾案件中,判決結(jié)果可能從輕到重不等,最嚴(yán)重的情況可以導(dǎo)致被彈劾者被免職,并且被禁止擔(dān)任美國任何榮譽性、信任性或有薪酬的公職。相關(guān)內(nèi)容詳見美國憲法第一條,第三款,第六和第七條款。
一旦總統(tǒng)被解除職務(wù),他將失去與總統(tǒng)職位相關(guān)的特權(quán)和豁免權(quán)。這一點同樣可以在憲法第一條,第三款,第7條款中找到。
What does impeachment do to a president?
Article One of the United States Constitution gives the House of Representatives the sole power of impeachment and the Senate the sole power to try impeachments of officers of the U.S. federal government. (Various state constitutions include similar measures, allowing the state legislature to impeach the governor or other officials of the state government.) In contrast to the British system, in the United States impeachment is only the first of two stages, and conviction during the second stage requires "the concurrence of two thirds of the members present".
彈劾對總統(tǒng)意味著什么?
美國憲法第一條賦予眾議院彈劾總統(tǒng)的專屬權(quán)力,而參議院則有專屬權(quán)力審理彈劾案,對象包括美國聯(lián)邦政府的官員。(各州憲法也有類似的規(guī)定,允許州立法機構(gòu)彈劾州長或其他州政府官員。)與英國制度不同的是,在美國,彈劾只是兩個階段中的第一階段,第二階段的定罪需要“三分之二出席議員的同意”。
彈劾并不必然導(dǎo)致官員被免職;它僅僅是一種法律上的指控聲明,與刑事法律中的起訴書類似。被彈劾的官員將面臨第二次立法投票(可能是由同一立法機構(gòu)或另一個立法機構(gòu)進行),這次投票將決定是否根據(jù)彈劾中的指控判定該官員有罪或無罪。大多數(shù)憲法規(guī)定,定罪需要獲得超半數(shù)的票。盡管彈劾涉及的是犯罪行為,但它并不等同于刑事審判;審議的唯一問題是是否將該官員從其職位上移除,以及是否可能通過后續(xù)投票阻止被免職官員在他們被免職的管轄區(qū)域內(nèi)再次擔(dān)任任何政治職務(wù)。
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What will the impeachment of a president do?
If the Senate votes to remove and convict, Trump will be removed from office, the legal process will run its course, and Pence will become president.
If the Senate does not vote to remove and convict, it is not much more than a formal reprimand and not that much would change.
彈劾總統(tǒng)會帶來什么影響?
如果參議院投票決定罷免并判定有罪,特朗普將被解除總統(tǒng)職務(wù),隨后法律程序?qū)⒆咄昶溥^程,而彭斯將繼任成為總統(tǒng)。
如果參議院不投票決定罷免并判定有罪,那么彈劾實際上只是一次形式上的譴責(zé),不會帶來太大的變化。
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What does impeachment mean for a president?
Impeachment is merely to brought up on charges.
In general, judging from the Clinton affair, it is rather shameful but ultimately is something you can walk away from intact. He was one of the only Presidents (Andrew Johnson was also brought up for impeachment) to be impeached and he’s still a notable political figure to this day.
Successful conviction at an impeachment would be complete and utter political death, which is probably why Richard Nixon abdicated the throne rather than wait for his impeachment to occur and then carry through to conviction.
彈劾對總統(tǒng)意味著什么?
彈劾僅僅是被提出指控而已。
總體來看,以克林頓事件為例,雖然這相當(dāng)令人尷尬,但最終是可以安然度過的。他是少數(shù)幾位被彈劾但仍保持政治影響力的總統(tǒng)之一(安德魯·約翰遜也因彈劾被提出過指控),至今他仍然是一個顯著的政治人物。
在彈劾中被成功定罪則意味著徹底的政治死亡,這可能就是理查德·尼克松選擇辭職,而不是等待彈劾程序發(fā)生并最終被定罪的原因。
Removal of President is simply called Impeachment. In India, President can only be removed on two grounds, either Incompetency or Proved Misbehavior, which is a very difficult process (No President in India till this date have been Impeached) .
Even many other constitutional post holders and Supreme Court Judges, etc are removed by this very procedure. If you want a detailed answer that you may find under the question “How is President Impeached” or something like this.
總統(tǒng)的免職程序通常稱為彈劾。在印度,總理只能在兩種情況下被免職:無能力或已被證實的不當(dāng)行為,這是一個非常復(fù)雜的過程(迄今為止,印度還沒有總統(tǒng)經(jīng)歷過彈劾)。
包括許多其他憲法職位的官員和最高法院的法官在內(nèi)的人員,都是通過這一程序被解除職務(wù)的。如果你想要一個更詳盡的答案,你可以在類似“總統(tǒng)如何被彈劾”的問題下尋找相關(guān)信息。
What does it mean if the House impeaches the president?
This question has been answered on Quora numerous times, but I’ll try one more time.
Think of impeachment as if a person is charged with a crime. The police gather the evidence to prove the crime, and the District Attorney’s office puts the evidence together, determines that the police have in fact developed the evidence to prove the crime—or even other charges can be developed. The District Attorney brings the accused, and the evidence, to a court before a judge.
如果眾議院彈劾總統(tǒng)意味著什么?
這個問題在Quora上已經(jīng)被多次討論,但我還是再解釋一遍。
可以把彈劾想象成一個人被控告犯罪。警察負(fù)責(zé)收集證據(jù)來證明犯罪事實,地方檢察官辦公室則整合這些證據(jù),判斷警察是否確實已經(jīng)收集到足夠的證據(jù)來證明犯罪——或者是否能夠提出其他指控。地方檢察官隨后將被告和相關(guān)證據(jù)帶到法庭,交由法官審理。
I’ll just talk about the charges going forward to trial. At this point a jury is sexted and the accused goes on trial. After all the evidence is given, and the prosecutor and defense attorney make their pleas to the jury, the jury decides the accused’s guilt or innocence.
法官會審閱指控和證據(jù),然后決定是否滿足最低的審判要求,如果滿足,案件就會繼續(xù)進行;如果不滿足,法官可能會駁回案件。
我只想討論案件繼續(xù)進行到審判階段的情況。在這個階段,會選出陪審團,被告將接受審判。在所有證據(jù)呈現(xiàn)完畢后,檢察官和辯護律師分別向陪審團陳述他們的觀點,之后陪審團將決定被告是否有罪。
The House of Representatives has the constitutional authority to develop an impeachment. The House determines that there is a reason to charge, in this case, the president, with a crime the House believes is impeachable. The House then does the required interviews of witnesses to the crime and gather any documents that prove the president’s guilt.
將彈劾想象成這樣一個過程:
眾議院根據(jù)憲法擁有發(fā)起彈劾的權(quán)力。眾議院認(rèn)定存在理由對某人,即總統(tǒng),提出指控,他們認(rèn)為總統(tǒng)犯下了可以被彈劾的罪行。隨后,眾議院會進行必要的證人訪談,并收集所有能夠證明總統(tǒng)有罪的文件。
The senate majority leader looks at the evidence and determines whether the case will actually be brought to trial. If brought to trial, in the case of a president, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court becomes the presiding judge, and the entire senate is the jury.
So! After all of that, it boils down to the House is the police department, and the District Attorney, wrapped in one. The house is required to develop all the evidence and put that evidence into a logical case against the president.
然后,眾議院司法委員會收集這些證據(jù),將其整理成合乎邏輯的順序,以證明他們認(rèn)為總統(tǒng)有罪,最后,將案件提交參議院,在那里進行審判。
參議院的多數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖會審查這些證據(jù),并決定是否真正將案件帶入審判程序。如果決定進行審判,對于總統(tǒng)的案件,最高法院的首席大法官將擔(dān)任主審法官,而整個參議院則擔(dān)任陪審團的角色。
因此,歸根結(jié)底,眾議院的角色相當(dāng)于警察局和地方檢察官的結(jié)合體。眾議院有責(zé)任搜集所有證據(jù),并將這些證據(jù)編織成一個合理的案件來對抗總統(tǒng)。
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Following this, the House impeachment managers give their concluding arguments followed by the defense’s concluding arguments. After this, the senate vote’s on the guilt or innocence of the president in relation to the charges.
I hope I answered this question completely. If anyone else out there can think of something better, give it a shot.
參議院聽取了證人的證詞,眾議院彈劾負(fù)責(zé)人提交了所有書面證據(jù)。然后參議院聽取總統(tǒng)的辯護證人和他們所擁有的文件資料。
隨后,眾議院彈劾案負(fù)責(zé)人進行結(jié)論性陳述,隨后是辯方的結(jié)論性陳述。這些程序結(jié)束后,參議院將就總統(tǒng)是否對這些指控有罪或無罪進行投票。
我希望我已經(jīng)全面回答了這個問題。如果有人能想到更好的答案,歡迎嘗試。
What will the impeachment of a president do?
The House of Representatives voting to impeach a President is roughly similar to a grand jury in a criminal case voting in favor of indictment.
彈劾總統(tǒng)意味著什么?
眾議院對總統(tǒng)的彈劾投票,大致相當(dāng)于刑事案件中大陪審團投票決定起訴。
當(dāng)大陪審團投票決定起訴,這意味著陪審團成員在審閱了州政府提供的證據(jù)后,相信州方的案情足夠充分,需要進行正式的審判。案件隨后被移交至刑事法院,并由另一位法官接手進行審判。在這次審判中,新法官將主持聽證;所有證據(jù)呈遞完畢后,如果是法官審判,法官將作出裁決;如果是陪審團審判,則裁決由陪審團作出。如果裁決為有罪,法官將宣布刑罰(或者,刑罰宣判可能會安排在另一次聽證會上)。如果沒有被判有罪,被告則可以獲釋。
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如果沒有政治動機,當(dāng)眾議院舉行彈劾聽證會并審閱所有可獲取的證據(jù)時,這個過程與大陪審團的調(diào)查類似。如果在彈劾聽證會結(jié)束后,眾議院認(rèn)為有足夠的證據(jù)支持解除職務(wù),它會將這些發(fā)現(xiàn)整理成彈劾條款。此時,該政府官員被認(rèn)為是“遭到彈劾”,并且彈劾案件將被送往參議院進行實際的彈劾審判。
參議院的彈劾審判與刑事法庭的審判頗為相似。參議院根據(jù)眾議院提出的彈劾條款進行審判。如果在審判結(jié)束時,參議院認(rèn)定這些彈劾條款成立,那么被彈劾的官員將被免職。如果參議院無法確定這些彈劾條款的合法性,那么被彈劾的官員將保留其職位。
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需要指出的是:盡管這一流程大致上模仿了刑事案件的處理程序,但通過這種方式被免職的官員并不一定意味著他們犯了罪。然而,如果在彈劾過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)了與被彈劾官員相關(guān)的犯罪行為,這可能會導(dǎo)致州或聯(lián)邦刑事法院提出刑事指控,并且這些訴訟程序?qū)凑粘R?guī)進行。
Our constitution prepared from various sources,impeachment of president is nothing but removing president,which is taken from us constitution,head of the the nation cant be removed just like that..to remove him special procedure is required..this special process is known as impeachment.
我們的憲法綜合了多種來源,彈劾總統(tǒng)本質(zhì)上是解除總統(tǒng)職務(wù),這一點效仿了美國憲法。國家元首不能被輕易免職。要解除其職務(wù),必須遵循一項特別的程序,這個程序就被稱為彈劾。
President of India can be removed by Impeachment by Parliament. 2/3rd members of both the houses present and voting in favour of the motion of impeachment. Till now ,no President in India has been impeached…
印度總理可以通過議會的彈劾程序被罷免。這需要在兩院中,有至少三分之二的出席議員投票支持彈劾提案。至今為止,印度還沒有總理經(jīng)歷過彈劾。
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