日本人口危機(jī)達(dá)到臨界點(diǎn) | 金融時(shí)報(bào)影片

Japan has been struggling to cope with a combination of anaemic economic growth and a shrinking population for over 30 years. 2025 marks the tipping point when the rising costs outstrip the country's capacity to pay for them. The FT's Tokyo bureau chief Leo Lewis looks at how the country has managed its slow burning demographic crisis and what the rest of the world can learn from its experience

過去三十多年來，日本一直在艱難應(yīng)對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長疲軟與人口持續(xù)減少的雙重困境。2025年成了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，屆時(shí)不斷攀升的成本將超出國家的支付能力?！督鹑跁r(shí)報(bào)》東京分社社長Leo Lewis深入探討了日本如何應(yīng)對這場緩慢發(fā)酵的人口危機(jī)，以及全球其他地區(qū)能從其經(jīng)驗(yàn)中汲取哪些教訓(xùn)。

@itmeboh
It’s almost like there’s this radical idea that if it gets too expensive to literally live, maybe just maybe, it’s not affordable to. This isn’t rocket science.

這道理簡單得根本不需要高深的學(xué)問——如果連基本生存都成問題，養(yǎng)家糊口自然更是天方夜譚。

@liaminwales
It’s amazing to see people aged 70/80 doing sports, highlights how the UK has failed on public health.

看到70、80歲的老人在運(yùn)動(dòng)，真是令人驚嘆。這凸顯了英國在公共衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域的失敗。

@THECASUALco
Having lived in Japan for over a decade, I can say firsthand—people outside the country love to tell Japan what it should or shouldn’t do, especially when it comes to immigration. But here’s the reality: the Japanese government has been actively courting foreign investment for years. What they really want is wealthy, stable immigrants who can contribute economically without disrupting the social fabric.
That’s the unspoken part—Japan’s not necessarily anti-immigrant, it’s just very sextive. If you’re pulling in over $70K USD and can register as a business owner, immigration becomes surprisingly easy. Japan hides behind its image of having a “strict” immigration system, but the truth is, if you have money—or you’re willing to take on the labor-intensive jobs young Japanese people are avoiding—you’ll get through the door.
The bigger issue is that wealthy individuals are usually already living comfortably elsewhere, so Japan has to offer more than just bureaucracy and beauty. Add to that a mix of cultural gatekeeping, a shrinking labor pool, and a cost-of-living-to-wage ratio that’s starting to strain even locals—and you begin to see the real complexity. It’s not just about policy; it’s about identity, economics, and Japan’s cautious approach to change

我在日本生活了十多年，我的親身體會是——國外的人總愛對日本指手畫腳，尤其在移民問題上。但真相是：日本政府多年來一直在積極吸引外國投資。他們真正想要的是有錢又穩(wěn)定，能為經(jīng)濟(jì)出力，又不破壞社會和諧的移民。
沒有明說的是——日本并不完全排斥移民，只是挑得很嚴(yán)格。如果你年收入超7萬美元，還能注冊成企業(yè)主，移民其實(shí)簡單得讓人意外。日本披著“嚴(yán)格”移民制度的外衣，但實(shí)情是：只要你有錢，或者愿意干年輕日本人嫌棄的體力活，你就能進(jìn)門。
更大的問題是有錢人通常在別處已經(jīng)過得很舒坦，日本得拿出比繁瑣手續(xù)和美景更多的吸引力。再加上文化壁壘、勞動(dòng)力縮減、連本地人都覺得吃力的生活成本與工資比例，你就看出這個(gè)問題的復(fù)雜性了。不只是政策的事兒，它還牽扯到身份認(rèn)同、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況和日本對變革的小心翼翼。

@joew2450
A bit maddening how the presenter says in one moment people are not having children due to work pressure and rent being too high. In the next sentence, “the ONLY WAY” to stop population decline is immigration!
WTF?!? How about force rents down and tackle the reasons why people don’t feel able to have kids!

主持人的說法有點(diǎn)氣人！前一句說工作壓力大、租金高導(dǎo)致不生孩子，下一句就說“唯一辦法”是接收移民！
搞啥?。?！強(qiáng)制降租金，解決人們覺得生不起孩子的原因不行嗎？

@neshirst-ashuach1881
“A number equivalent to the population of Australia” is 27 million people for those of us who prefer actual numbers to Bus lengths/Everest heights/ Australian populations as units of measurement.
It’s around 22% of Japan’s current population.

“相當(dāng)于澳大利亞人口的數(shù)字”是2700萬人，給那些更喜歡具體的數(shù)字而不是公交車長度、珠峰高度或澳大利亞人口做單位的人參考。
這大約占日本當(dāng)前人口的22%。

@ninamatthews8747
Problem in Japan is the same problem everywhere. Young people don’t want to have kids because they don’t feel financially secure. The rich are hoarding resources and it’s causing downward negative effects.

日本的問題跟全世界一樣。年輕人不想生孩子，因?yàn)樗麄儧]有經(jīng)濟(jì)安全感。富人囤積資源，導(dǎo)致了負(fù)面的連鎖反應(yīng)。

@PDLeaks
I like how they describe the men as unattractive rather than the housing market as unattractive. Poor people can have ten babies if they have a roof and no bills.

我喜歡他們說男人沒有吸引力，而不是說住房市場沒有吸引力。只要有房沒賬單，窮人也能生十個(gè)孩子。

@cabezitadealgodon
The title of this documentary was kinda grim but the content was ironically rather inspiring. I definitely want to visit Japan now. Those elders playing rugby just touched my spirit. They looked sooo fit!

這部紀(jì)錄片的標(biāo)題有點(diǎn)陰郁，但內(nèi)容反而挺鼓舞人心的。我現(xiàn)在真想去日本看看。那些打橄欖球的老人們打動(dòng)了我，他們看起來真健康！

@LeloRetsam
The conclusion that Japan needs more immigration is obviously wrong. The problem is that everything is unaffordable nowadays, having kids is too expensive. The problem is mostly due to economics

說日本需要更多移民的結(jié)論顯然不對。問題在于現(xiàn)在啥都貴，生孩子的成本太高。所以這主要還是經(jīng)濟(jì)問題。

@ТарасМакаренко-ф3ш
I saw a vlog of an Eastern European woman who married a Japanese man. They lived in Tokyo for the start, but when they decided to start a family and have kids together, Tokyo turned out to be a living nightmare in terms of prices. They eventually moved to the suburbs far to the south.

我看過一個(gè)東歐女人的vlog，她嫁了個(gè)日本人。他們最初生活東京，但決定生孩子組建家庭時(shí)，東京的物價(jià)簡直就是噩夢。他們最后搬到南邊遠(yuǎn)郊去了。

@pkam4106
Exactly, all recent research shows that problem is not that couples don’t want kids, is that there is much less couples. More and more young people can’t find a second half. Most governments are targeting existing couples with benefits and tax breaks, but problem (as stated in the video and here) is not there.

沒錯(cuò)，最新的研究表明問題不是夫婦不想生孩子，而是夫婦的數(shù)量少得可憐，越來越多的年輕人找不到另一半。雖然大多數(shù)政府會給現(xiàn)有的夫婦提供福利和稅收優(yōu)惠，但問題（視頻里和這兒說的）根本不在這兒。

@ThemePro24
Actually, Japan’s experience is a success story in managing decline gracefully. Unlike nations facing similar demographics (e.g., South Korea’s 0.7 fertility rate), Japan has avoided economic collapse or social chaos, offering a blueprint for others like China or Germany as their populations age.

其實(shí)，日本的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是優(yōu)雅應(yīng)對人口下降的成功案例。不像其他面臨類似人口結(jié)構(gòu)的國家（比如韓國生育率0.7），日本避免了經(jīng)濟(jì)崩潰或社會混亂，為中國、德國等人口老齡化的國家提供了參考模板。

@ignitetensei01
Governments just cannot expect their citizens to increase their declining population and have children. Not only can we not take care of our families, we cannot even make enough money to support ourselves in today’s unstable economic situation. I, for example, am in my 20s and would like to have children, but for now I have to fight hard every single day to keep a roof over my head.

政府不能指望公民去增加下降的人口、去生孩子。在如今經(jīng)濟(jì)不穩(wěn)的形勢下，我們不光養(yǎng)不起家，連自己都賺不夠錢。比如我，20多歲，我想生孩子，但現(xiàn)在每天得拼了命才能保住頭頂?shù)姆孔印?br />
@Hans_Unique_Handle
In my opinion there are some key issues that unless resolved will not naturally increase the fertility rate:
Hope: you are bombarded with world-ending news, from climate to economic to war. Why would you want to bring children into a world where the prospect is doom and gloom. Also most young adults have seen their living standard go down as they need to work more/harder to get to a similar (relative) living standard as their parents. This is a trend, meaning you can expect your children to be worse off than you too.
Economic burden: until the last couple of decades, children were not just something you wanted (biological imperative, love, fulfillment), but also a resource for the parents. This was because (in general) the addition of another worker in the family was more than the investment (time and money) to raise the child. This has swung wildly with increasing costs and less direct benefits (child labor laws). Add in the increased cost of living, and the option to not have children thanks to birth control and more people choose not to start a family.
Social cohesion: there is less human interaction and more interaction via screens. People are further apart, making connections more difficult and finding partners less likely. Also during the years you are most likely to meet new people you are also exposed to the entire world as a potential option, meaning it is more likely to ‘wait’ for someone better.

我認(rèn)為，除非解決以下關(guān)鍵的問題，否則生育率不會自然回升：
希望：如果你被世界末日般的新聞（從氣候危機(jī)到經(jīng)濟(jì)困境再到戰(zhàn)爭）狂轟濫炸，誰想把孩子帶到前景一片黯淡的世界？而且大多數(shù)年輕人發(fā)現(xiàn)生活水平在下降，得更努力工作才能達(dá)到父母那代（相對）的水平，這是個(gè)意味著你預(yù)計(jì)孩子會比你過得更差的趨勢。
經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)：過去幾十年，孩子不只是你想要的（生物本能、愛、滿足感），還是父母的資源。因?yàn)椋ㄍǔ＃┘彝嘁粋€(gè)勞動(dòng)力，生孩子的回報(bào)超過養(yǎng)孩子的投入（時(shí)間和錢）。而現(xiàn)在成本暴漲，直接回報(bào)減少（童工法限制）。加上生活成本上升，避孕讓不生孩子成了選項(xiàng)，于是更多人選擇不組建家庭。
社會凝聚力：人與人面對面的互動(dòng)減少，屏幕互動(dòng)增多。人與人更疏遠(yuǎn)，聯(lián)系更難建立，找到伴侶的可能性更低。而且在最容易認(rèn)識新人的年紀(jì)，你還面對全世界潛在的對象，這意味著你更可能“等”一個(gè)更好的人。

@bentencho
People in Japan have been complaining about stagnant wages. Once the supply of labor decreases, wages will inevitably go up if employers want to attract new employees. Makes you wonder why there’s always the push for more migrants to Japan.

日本人一直在抱怨工資不漲。一旦勞動(dòng)力供給減少，雇主想招新人，工資肯定得漲。這讓人納悶為啥總有人在推動(dòng)日本接受更多移民。

@eri7-11
I am in Japan and in my small city babies are everywhere. I know in the big city life is tougher so less babies. But indeed there are 70-90 year olds out and about on bikes, mopeds, walking. My MIL is almost 95 and so talkative and walks fine and likes to shop at the mall. She has one hell of an appetite when I take her out for expensive eel too!

我在日本，我生活的小城市里嬰兒隨處可見。我知道大城市的生活更艱難，所以嬰兒更少。但確實(shí)有70-90歲的老人騎自行車、電動(dòng)車、走路到處跑。我的婆婆快95歲了，話多得不行，走路穩(wěn)當(dāng)，還愛去商場逛街。我?guī)愿邫n鰻魚飯時(shí)，她的胃口好得嚇人！

@Akita3456
Japan’s housing market is currently very attractive to foreigners as a vacation destination, but naturalization is difficult. That could be changed. But Japan is the clean, safe Japan because it hasn’t made the immigration mistakes of other countries. I hope it stays that way.

日本的住房市場現(xiàn)在對外國人做度假地很有吸引力，但入籍很難，這點(diǎn)可以改一改。但日本之所以清潔、安全，是因?yàn)樗麄儧]有犯其他國家的移民錯(cuò)誤，我希望能一直這樣。

@dylanshane
Crazy to think Japan got so ahead of the world in tech, economy, and culture—but now they’re literally running out of people. It’s like they hit a “cultural maximum” where life got so advanced, stressful, and individual-focused that no one’s having kids anymore. What’s wild is that this isn’t just Japan… Korea, Italy, even China are heading the same way. Might be a glimpse of our future—progress leading to population decline

想想日本曾在科技、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化上領(lǐng)先全球，現(xiàn)在卻真的人口不夠用了，這太不可思議了。就像他們達(dá)到了“文化巔峰”，生活太先進(jìn)、壓力太大、個(gè)人主義太強(qiáng)，沒人想生孩子了。更瘋狂的是，不只是日本……韓國、意大利，甚至中國都在走這條路。這可能是我們未來的縮影——進(jìn)步將導(dǎo)致人口下降。

@pickler_pickler
The economic issue is not the problem. You cannot throw money at this problem. It’s purely a social one where people don’t want to get married due to lowering of the status of mothers within culture. Look at what Mongolia did to fix this issue—they raised the way mothers are seen and they’ve essentially fixed their demographic issues.

核心矛盾不在經(jīng)濟(jì)層面——砸錢解決不了這個(gè)問題。這純粹是個(gè)社會文化問題：由于母親的社會地位的下降，越來越多人不愿結(jié)婚?？纯疵晒诺慕鉀Q之道——他們通過提升母親的社會形象，基本解決了人口危機(jī)。

@bannol1
When most people find their aspirations crushed and they see no real future for themselves, they won’t see much point in having kids either. Most of us are living on a hamster wheel. We keep running, but remain stationary. It is only the rich who have a future whilst the middle-class is shrinking.

當(dāng)大多數(shù)人發(fā)現(xiàn)夢想被碾碎，看不到自己的未來，他們也不會覺得生孩子有啥意義。我們大多活在倉鼠輪上，不停地跑，結(jié)果卻是在原地踏步。只有富人有未來，中產(chǎn)階級在縮水。

@gerbrandvisser
In 1978 I worked at the Institute of Population Problems of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare as a demographer. With a Japanese colleague we researched the fertility rate in Japan and its consequences for the future. We calculated that the population would start to decline in 20 years’ time. My colleague was retired early and I was “invited” to return to Europe: our report was considered politically “unwanted”. The demographic situation can now no longer be denied. But let’s remain realistic. The environment in Japan and the rest of the world is probably better off with a smaller human population. It creates opportunities too!

1978年，我在日本厚生省人口問題研究所做人口學(xué)家，和一個(gè)日本同事研究日本生育率及其未來影響。我們算出人口將在20年后開始下降，我的同事被提前退休，而我被“請”回歐洲：我們的報(bào)告被認(rèn)為在政治上“不受歡迎”。雖然現(xiàn)在的人口危機(jī)再也無法否認(rèn)，但咱得現(xiàn)實(shí)點(diǎn)，日本和全球的環(huán)境可能因人口的減少而受益。這也帶來了新的機(jī)會！

@Buran01
If you think that migration will change anything, you’re in for a big surprise... 75% of the countries in the world are below the population replacement ratio, so the crisis is global (even India is starting to lose population in the more dense areas).
What you are viewing is just capitalism in the terminal stage: focus on the earnings of the shareholders of the megacorporations, which need to increase earnings every quarter, until that stops happening. Then the only way to increase profits is cutting costs and increasing labor hours... At the end, most of the wealth is concentrated in private hands, with a few companies providing most of the goods and services, whereas most of the population ends struggling to afford housing, eating... and of course having babies. At the end, the corporations will end having very efficient factories filled with robots and A.I., ready to sell goods and services to no one, since there’s no one able to purchase anything. It’s perfect: self-destruction inflicted by greed.

如果你覺得移民能改變啥，你會大吃一驚……全球75%的國家的生育率低于世代更替率，危機(jī)是全球性的（連印度的人口密集區(qū)的人口都開始減少）。
你所目睹的正是資本主義的終局階段：巨頭公司只顧股東的利益，追逐永無止境的季度增長。當(dāng)增長停滯，便只剩削減成本、壓榨勞動(dòng)力這唯一出路......最終，財(cái)富盡歸私有，商品和服務(wù)皆由寡頭壟斷，而普羅大眾卻在為住房、溫飽掙扎——更遑論生兒育女。待到那時(shí)，企業(yè)將坐擁滿是機(jī)器人與AI的高效工廠，卻無人消費(fèi)其商品服務(wù)。多么完美的結(jié)局啊——貪婪終將導(dǎo)致自我毀滅。

@Kevin_40
A 2-year-old can figure this out. Stop ripping off young adults. Young adults need to be able to afford a normal life. In Japan everything is too expensive and now it’s happening around the world. Young adults are being massively ripped off and taken advantage of which leads men especially to not want to have children!

兩歲的小孩都能看明白，別再坑年輕人了！年輕人得能過上正常的生活。在日本啥都貴得離譜，現(xiàn)在全世界都這樣。年輕人被狠狠剝削、占便宜，尤其是男人，所以他們越來越不想生孩子！

@reneeturner7137
Disappointed to watch an entire video on this topic without a single mention of maternity support and childcare. The lack of社會 and government support for working mothers in Japan leaves women with a forced choice: career or kids.

令人失望的是整個(gè)視頻對此話題的探討竟只字未提育兒保障政策，日本社會與政府對職場母親支持的缺位迫使女性面臨非此即彼的殘酷抉擇：要么搞事業(yè)，要么生孩子。

@xporkrind
Even if we agree that Japan needs more babies, it’s hard to imagine that the government can do much to increase birth rates. It’s fascinating that it seems to be an almost worldwide phenomenon.

就算我們同意日本需要更多嬰兒，也很難想象日本政府能做啥大幅提高生育率。有趣的是，這似乎幾乎是個(gè)全球現(xiàn)象。

@micahhelles
I’m not talking about only Japan here, but globally, what it comes down to is wealth distribution. Isn’t it absurd how, as time goes by, we’ve become more and more efficient, and wealth keeps growing and growing... but fewer and fewer people are reaping the results? How come we’ve had immense technological advancements since the Baby Boom period (in whatever country you want to choose) and yet, people still have to work the same (or more) hours, and can afford way less than what people at that time could? The rich are getting richer, and the middle class everywhere is shrinking. If wealth doesn’t get redistributed, then, however much these governments wish for population growth, it is not going to happen. No living being, be it plant, animal, or human, expands their population in hostile environments for their survival.

這不僅關(guān)乎日本，更是全球性的財(cái)富分配問題?；闹嚨氖牵弘S著時(shí)代發(fā)展，我們的生產(chǎn)效率越來越高，社會財(cái)富持續(xù)增長...但能分享成果的人卻越來越少。自嬰兒潮時(shí)期（任選一個(gè)國家都是如此）以來，科技突飛猛進(jìn)，可人們的工作時(shí)長絲毫未減，購買力反而大不如前？富豪愈發(fā)富有，全球中產(chǎn)階層卻在持續(xù)萎縮。若財(cái)富分配制度不變，無論政府如何鼓勵(lì)生育都將是徒勞。任何生物——無論是植物、動(dòng)物還是人類——都不會在生存環(huán)境惡化時(shí)選擇繁衍后代。

@vincefeld6442
You forget just how small Japan is. It doesn’t need this huge population, just let it shrink naturally. Everyone there will be more comfortable.

你忘了日本有多小。它不需要龐大人口，讓它自然縮減吧。那兒的人會過得更舒坦。

@theinternational397
Interesting how nobody seems to talk about how Japan has higher birth rates than several other countries in the region. Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan all have lower birth rates than Japan.

有趣的是，沒人提日本的生育率比區(qū)域內(nèi)的幾個(gè)國家高。韓國、新加坡、臺灣（地區(qū)）的生育率都比日本低。

@NNWtu
Japan is carefully allowing immigration from China and Indonesia and other Asian countries, young educated people. Slowly but steadily, not just like Europe and the US, they choose people. Good decisions.

日本在謹(jǐn)慎允許來自中國、印尼和其他亞洲國家的年輕的受教育者移民，緩慢但穩(wěn)定，他們不像歐美那樣隨便，他們會挑選移民。這是個(gè)明智的決定。

@atlasnetwork7855
It’s one of the densely populated countries on the planet. Up there with the UK. Like why would you want to grow the population? The population is declining because the population is so high than the quality of life is appalling, like the hours worked in jobs, the cost of housing in particular. There’s a lot more to a country than GDP and pensions, and until politicians get this into their heads, the population will correct to sustainable levels, and attempts to mitigate this with migration is a terrible idea because it’ll make the problems worse.

日本是地球上人口密度最高的國家之一，跟英國差不多。干嘛要增加人口？人口下降是因?yàn)槿丝谔?，生活質(zhì)量糟透了，比如工作時(shí)間長，尤其是住房成本高。一個(gè)國家不只有GDP和養(yǎng)老金，在政治家明白這點(diǎn)之前，人口會自我調(diào)整到可持續(xù)的水平，用移民緩解人口減少是個(gè)餿主意，這只會讓問題更嚴(yán)重。

@glenmurie
Let’s be real. Japan will still have a population of tens of millions and birth rates will pick up when they reach an equilibrium. Over fifty percent of Europe died to the Black Death and right after was a period where the population in general had their wealth and freedoms increase. Not the nobility or the rich though. They had to start working, if only a little.

說實(shí)話，日本仍有幾千萬人口，其生育率會在達(dá)到平衡時(shí)回升。黑死病殺死了超過一半的歐洲人，之后普通人的財(cái)富和自由增加了。不過貴族和富人得開始干點(diǎn)活，哪怕只是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。

@marmarakazm7907
Your daily reminder that Japan’s birth rate is about the same as that of Eastern and Southern European countries. There must be a reason why the media writes doomsday scenarios about Japan and ignores the demographic problems of countries like Poland, Estonia, or Greece.

每日提醒：日本的生育率和東歐、南歐國家差不多。這肯定有原因，媒體為日本寫末日劇本，卻忽略波蘭、愛沙尼亞、希臘等國家的人口問題。

@kubes8388
Japan is already a highly crowded country, and take into account robotics and automation, the population decline is not that big of a deal compared to if it happened to the US or Western country, where real productivity is way more inefficient.
You guys mainly as English YouTubers always try making these documentaries about a suppressed view, leaving out the real discussion from the group of people being reported, 20 minute has so much untrue and bias takes + statistics.

日本已經(jīng)是一個(gè)高度擁擠的國家，考慮到機(jī)器人和自動(dòng)化，其人口下降不像在美國或西方國家那么嚴(yán)重，那兒的真實(shí)生產(chǎn)效率低得多。
你們這些英語YouTuber總試著用壓抑的視角拍攝紀(jì)錄片，忽略被報(bào)道的群體的真實(shí)聲音，比如這部20分鐘的片子塞了太多不實(shí)和有偏見的觀點(diǎn)+統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。

@Vlican
MONEY. That’s all there is to it. Solve the issues regarding cost of living and the rest will fix itself. If people can’t afford to live a normal life (what they’ve been taught in school, what their parents lived, what society promised them), then it’s obvious that they will not have children, because children are OPTIONAL, a BONUS. Give them hope, make wealth abundant, and young people will have children again.

錢，問題就這么簡單。解決生活成本問題，其他的自然會好。如果人負(fù)擔(dān)不起正常的生活（學(xué)校教的、父母過的、社會承諾的），他們顯然不會生孩子，因?yàn)楹⒆邮强蛇x的，是額外的福利。給他們希望，讓他們有錢，年輕人就會再愿意生孩子。

@yred3590
With medical advancements, the average person should retire in between 65-70. But, old people, even people above 50 cannot do physically exhausting blue-collar jobs. Even they cannot do some exhausting white-collar jobs. Still, they can try.

隨著醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步，人平均應(yīng)該在65-70歲退休。但老年人，甚至50歲以上的人，無法干體力消耗大的藍(lán)領(lǐng)工作，一些消耗精力的白領(lǐng)工作他們也干不了。不過，他們還是可以試試。

@poldetson6596
When an animal overpopulates its environment, birth rates fall as an evolutionary response. Eight billion is too many. Better devise an economics that doesn’t require perpetual growth on a finite planet with finite resources.

當(dāng)動(dòng)物在環(huán)境中過度繁殖時(shí)，生育率會因進(jìn)化反應(yīng)而下降。80億人太多了。最好設(shè)計(jì)一種不依賴有限星球上有限資源的永續(xù)增長的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系。