東南亞正在“吃塑料”：印尼、馬來西亞、菲律賓的微塑料危機(jī)｜深度調(diào)查

 
 
Southeast Asia has a huge problem with something tiny - Microplastics. Globally, Indonesia, Philippines and Malaysia ingest the most microplastics. These particles, created from the breakdown of plastics, make their way into our water and food sources.
For some time, the effects of ingesting microplastics were unclear. But now, an increasing number of studies reveal that microplastics could be lixed to kidney failure, cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Yet, because of the handling of waste in Southeast Asia, microplastic contamination is ubiquitous. Is Southeast Asia looking at a plastic induced health crisis, and what can we do about it?
 
東南亞正面臨一個(gè)微小但巨大的問題——微塑料。在全球范圍內(nèi)，印尼、菲律賓和馬來西亞攝入的微塑料最多。這些微小顆粒是塑料分解后的產(chǎn)物，會(huì)滲入我們的水源和食物中。
一度以來，人們對攝入微塑料的影響知之甚少。但現(xiàn)在，越來越多的研究表明，微塑料可能與腎衰竭、認(rèn)知退化、心血管疾病和癌癥相關(guān)。然而，由于東南亞廢棄物管理不善，微塑料污染已無處不在。東南亞是否正面臨一場由塑料引發(fā)的健康危機(jī)？我們又能做些什么？
 
 
@ViolentCabbage-ym7ko
You expect people to believe Singaporeans are not affected by microplastics when it affects neighboring countries in Southeast Asia? I swear, when it comes to negative news about Singapore, CNA does not have the guts to report the news. So biased
 
你真指望大家相信新加坡人不會(huì)受到微塑料影響？明明它的鄰國都中招了。我敢說，一旦負(fù)面新聞涉及新加坡，CNA就不敢報(bào)導(dǎo)，真是偏頗至極。
 
@UGRdelver
It is not realistic to expect people living in slumps to thinking about the effect of microplastics while they are still worry about putting food on the table
 
指望生活在貧民窟的人關(guān)心微塑料的影響根本不現(xiàn)實(shí)，他們連下一頓飯?jiān)谀膬憾疾恢馈?br />  
@Flyinginthebluedream
Singapore is surrounded by countries with high microplastic consumption, yet it doesn’t appear on the list of top consumers. Please advise your neighbours on health tips to reduce microplastic intake.
 
新加坡四周全是微塑料攝入量極高的國家，可它自己卻沒上榜。拜托，去勸勸你鄰居該怎么減少攝入吧。
 
@FrostWing-k5u
Singapore imports more than 90% of its food overall, with Malaysia being a significant source. Since Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines eat the most microplastics, why is Singapore not on the list when the majority of the food source comes from Southeast Asia?
 
新加坡超過九成的食品都靠進(jìn)口，其中馬來西亞占了大頭。既然馬來西亞、印尼和菲律賓攝入微塑料最多，而新加坡的大部分食物又來自這些國家，為什么新加坡不在榜上？
 
@mizsaigon
No leader in the Phils for example will force MNCs to look for eco friendly packaging substitutes because they are always concerned about their own public image in pursuit of perpetuating power. Their political stint is backed by these oligarchs so no one bothers to craft a law banning and replacing these plastics. Whilst I agree that this problem is socio economic prior to being environmental, it is likewise political.
 
比如在菲律賓，沒有哪個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人敢強(qiáng)迫跨國公司尋找環(huán)保的包裝替代品，因?yàn)樗麄兪冀K擔(dān)心自己的公眾形象，他們的目的是鞏固權(quán)力。他們的政治地位離不開寡頭集團(tuán)的支持，所以根本沒人愿意立法禁止并取代這些塑料。雖然我同意這首先是個(gè)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)問題而非環(huán)保問題，但它同樣是個(gè)政治問題。
 
@pinkping1506
In Indonesia, the source of micro plastics also comes from the use of bubble plastics wrappings for goods ordered through online platforms like shopee and Tokopedia. The sellers always insist on wrapping the goods regardless whether it is fragile or not and the bubbles can be many many layers. That's terrible and that is the new source of plastic garbage. They just don't care !
 
在印尼，微塑料的來源還包括像Shopee和Tokopedia這種網(wǎng)購平臺(tái)上商品所用的氣泡塑料包裝。無論貨品是否易碎，賣家總是堅(jiān)持多層包裹，動(dòng)輒十幾層泡泡膜。真是太糟糕了，這已經(jīng)成了新的塑料垃圾來源，而他們根本不在乎！
 
@kitarvin770
Singaporean corporations must take up part of the responsibility because they have invested heavily by setting up manufacturing plants in these countries.
 
新加坡的企業(yè)也必須承擔(dān)部分責(zé)任，因?yàn)樗麄冊谶@些國家大量投資建廠。
 
@Hsrvictor
Make plastic cutlery or straws (single use plastic) banned, use metal ones. Reusable cups that you bring so they make ur coffee in their restaurant, large reusable packages that once used must be returned to the shop in order to buy another then the used one must be disinfected and reused by the company.
 
應(yīng)該禁止一次性塑料餐具和吸管，改用金屬制品。顧客可以自帶杯子在餐廳裝咖啡；大包裝的商品買完后需要?dú)w還空容器才能購買新的，由商家進(jìn)行消毒后再利用。
 
@jasonking6892
Expat ???? lives in Colombia ????
Not here but plastic unfortunately is everywhere
And pollution from old buses is a problem
 
我是個(gè)英國人，現(xiàn)在生活在哥倫比亞。雖然不是東南亞，但這里的塑料污染也無處不在。還有老舊公交車帶來的污染也是個(gè)問題。
 
@kevinduhamel4489
I start going to the philippines 11 years ago and at that time people were drinking soft drink in reusable glass bottle last years went back and it seems like theres almost only plastic soft drink bottle. Its very sad to see all this plastic pollution. Go back to glass bottle, its the gouvernement policy who allowed this to happen !!
 
我11年前第一次去菲律賓，當(dāng)時(shí)大家喝的汽水都是用可重復(fù)使用的玻璃瓶。去年再去，幾乎全是塑料瓶了?？吹剿芰衔廴境蔀?zāi)真的很難過?；貧w玻璃瓶吧！這一切都是政府的政策導(dǎo)致的！
 
@jaimatt7943
Malaysia is not doing anything about single-use plastic. The minister too scared to enforce ban, fearing backlash from petty traders and food hawkers. Using poverty as an excuse is just despicable.
 
馬來西亞在一次性塑料問題上毫無作為。部長害怕小販和小商販的反對，不敢推動(dòng)禁令。拿貧困當(dāng)借口簡直令人不齒。
 
@merlion6613
We all must use less single-use plastic. That is the only way. I am still horrified how many single use plastic bags (wet markets, bakeries, drinks), straws, cutleries are so freely and nonchalantly used daily. We can all do better.
 
我們每個(gè)人都必須減少一次性塑料的使用，這是唯一的出路。我至今仍然對每天在濕市場、面包店、飲品店里隨意使用一次性塑料袋、吸管和餐具的情況感到震驚。我們本可以做得更好。
 
@katealekseeva4260
Thank you for this comprehensive overview of the problem! Please keep up this great work. One thing I would like to point out: we now know that plastic recycling is dangerous (both: for those who recycle and live near recycling, and for those who use recycled plastics). So it is confusing to hear about plastic recycling as part of the solution to the plastic problem. There are multiple studies and research paper on the dangers of recycled plastics (since at least 2023) produced by the IPEN, Greenpeace and other reliable and independent organisations. Please look into that in order not to mislead with false solutions.
The only solution to the problem of plastics and microplastic is to reduce its production. There’s no other way around it.
 
感謝你對這個(gè)問題所做的全面梳理！請繼續(xù)保持優(yōu)秀的工作。我想指出一點(diǎn)：我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道塑料回收是有害的——無論是對那些參與回收和住在回收場附近的人，還是對那些使用回收塑料制品的人來說都是如此。所以，當(dāng)我們聽到把塑料回收視為解決塑料問題的一部分時(shí)確實(shí)令人困惑。早在2023年起，IPEN、綠色和平等多個(gè)權(quán)威獨(dú)立機(jī)構(gòu)就發(fā)布了多份關(guān)于回收塑料危害的研究報(bào)告。請務(wù)必關(guān)注這些內(nèi)容，以免傳播錯(cuò)誤的解決方案。
解決塑料和微塑料問題的唯一方法就是減少塑料的生產(chǎn)，別無他法。
 
@ITW2024-v2z
A portion of recyclable plastics is exported to other countries, mainly in the region (like Malaysia and Indonesia), for recycling. However, this export volume has decreased since countries like China banned plastic waste imports in 2018.
 
一部分可回收塑料被出口到其他國家，主要是本地區(qū)國家，如馬來西亞和印度尼西亞進(jìn)行回收處理。然而，自從中國在2018年禁止進(jìn)口塑料垃圾后，塑料出口量已經(jīng)大幅下降。
 
@Hsrvictor
Eventually there will be tiny bacteria that will eat the microplastics, which already exist. However, there should be a drastic change in the way we use the plastic (packages, bottles, sachets...) or change the component of it to make it degradable or recyclable. People are so ignorant because they say investing money in recycling is such a waste, but if you do not spend it there, it will be spent in healthcare. It is just a vicious cycle.
 
最終會(huì)有微生物吞噬微塑料，而且這種細(xì)菌其實(shí)已經(jīng)存在。但我們?nèi)孕枰獜氐赘淖兯芰系氖褂梅绞?，比如包裝、瓶子、小包裝袋等，或者改變塑料的成分，使其更易降解或回收。
人們的無知令人遺憾，他們認(rèn)為投資回收系統(tǒng)是浪費(fèi)錢，但如果不投入到回收上，最終這些錢就會(huì)花在醫(yī)療上。這就是一個(gè)惡性循環(huán)。
 
@Highwhyman19
You can fix poor and stupid, but you cannot fix ignorant behavior. As an Indo, it's impossible for me, a regular dude with regular sense of civic duties, to find a common ground with those "group of people" (yeah I said it).
So the best we can do is just look away and stay away from them.
 
貧窮和愚蠢尚且可以改善，但無知的行為是無法糾正的。作為一個(gè)印度尼西亞人，我只是一個(gè)有基本公民意識(shí)的普通人，實(shí)在無法與“那群人”（對，我就是這么說的）達(dá)成共識(shí)。
我們能做的最好方式，就是別看、別靠近他們。
 
@ss_bean
Greedy bosses and companies continue to profit out of these as we speak. They are not going to stop. It is impossible to get every consumer to stay on the same page. The only one who can make significant changes is the government with the power of law. Unfortunately, governments lack the tenacity. Therefore, what goes around, comes around. Good luck, fellow humans.
 
貪婪的老板和公司此刻依然靠這些牟利。他們不會(huì)停止。要讓所有消費(fèi)者統(tǒng)一行動(dòng)幾乎不可能，唯一能夠帶來真正改變的是政府運(yùn)用法律的力量。
不幸的是大多數(shù)政府缺乏執(zhí)行力，所以因果循環(huán)，終將回報(bào)。祝你好運(yùn)，人類。
 
@jamesalias595
A cultural shift needs to take place along with government control of waste disposal. Everything is wrapped in plastic, including bananas and apples in the supermarket. Also, the small packaging versus bulk means quadruple or more of the amount of plastic used. Sure, people are poor and sometimes cannot afford to buy in bulk, but that is not the majority of citizens. They are just used to buying small quantities. I am not even saying use American-sized bulk packaging, but getting rid of the daily one-serving size.
 
我們需要文化上的轉(zhuǎn)變，同時(shí)也需要政府對垃圾處理進(jìn)行監(jiān)管。現(xiàn)在超市里的所有東西都用塑料包裹，連香蕉和蘋果也不例外。小包裝相比散裝使用的塑料量是四倍甚至更多。
是的，有些人因?yàn)樨毟F買不起大包裝，但這并不是大多數(shù)公民的情況。人們只是習(xí)慣了買少量而已。我不是說我們要采用美國那種超大包裝，但至少應(yīng)該摒棄那種每天一份的小包裝形式。
 
@HuiChyr
And Singaporeans aren't eating microplastic too? Why not? Is Singapore not in Southeast Asia? Hahaha...
Singaporeans are full of themselves.
 
新加坡人就不吃微塑料了嗎？為什么？新加坡不是也在東南亞嗎？哈哈哈……
新加坡人的自以為是真令人不屑。
 
@sallywb1233
Let's educate & practice waste separation (household management) start them since early childhood education years.
Let's make it a habit, start at your home, our beloved family.
Sadly, it is 2025, in a south Jakarta gated housing estate where we currently resided, with most residents holding at least S1 title holders, people still do not care to separate their trash let alone recycle them.
We have been diligently teaching our children to be responsible, from reducing to recycling not just plastic but also papers, glass & metals.
Sometimes our neighbors look at us funny because we wash/clean our plastic/glass/paper waste before sending them to recycling. But it's ok, we hope we can inspire them. As we also learned it from living in Japan a few years ago. We have been doing it ever since.
Hopefully Indonesians will come to their senses and it is not too late.
 
我們應(yīng)該從幼兒教育階段就開始培養(yǎng)垃圾分類（家庭管理）意識(shí)和實(shí)踐。
讓這種行為成為習(xí)慣，從自己家里開始，從我們所愛的家庭開始。
令人遺憾的是現(xiàn)在都已經(jīng)是2025年了，我們生活在雅加達(dá)南部的一個(gè)封閉的社區(qū)里，大多數(shù)居民至少擁有本科學(xué)歷，可人們依然對垃圾分類毫不在意，更別說回收利用了。
我們一直在認(rèn)真教導(dǎo)孩子要有責(zé)任感，不只是回收塑料，也包括紙張、玻璃和金屬。
有時(shí)候鄰居會(huì)用奇怪的眼光看我們，因?yàn)槲覀冊趯⑺芰?、玻璃、紙類垃圾送去回收之前都?huì)先清洗干凈。但沒有關(guān)系，我們希望能以此啟發(fā)他們。畢竟我們也是幾年前在日本生活時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)這些的，從那以后我們就一直堅(jiān)持著。
希望印尼人能早日覺醒，希望還來得及。
 
@jzorooororonoa1838
I like the point exchange program in PH, it might can work in Indonesia too. Also find some reverse vending machine in overseas, money return should can push people.
Small sachet should be stop.
 
我很喜歡菲律賓的積分兌換項(xiàng)目，也許這個(gè)方法也可以在印尼推廣。此外，海外還有一些反向自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)可以退錢返現(xiàn)，應(yīng)該會(huì)鼓勵(lì)更多人參與。
小包裝袋的使用應(yīng)該被禁止。
 
@Kaichongjee
The amount of plastic being burnt in Bantar Gebang, Indonesia to make foods like tofu is bad.
Can't imagine the level of microplastics being fed to Indonesians.
 
在印度尼西亞萬登格邦燒塑料來生產(chǎn)像豆腐這種食物的現(xiàn)象太糟糕了。
難以想象印尼人正在攝入多少微塑料。
 
@derekongkb
It is not about the issue of single-use plastic but how the country manages the plastic waste.
In Singapore, we burn them up to get energy, while the rest of SEA just try to put them into landfills and in the end it gets into the environment, disintegrates and form microplastics.
 
問題不僅僅在于一次性塑料本身，還在于國家如何處理塑料垃圾。
在新加坡，我們通過焚燒塑料來發(fā)電，而東南亞其他國家只是將塑料填埋，最后這些塑料進(jìn)入環(huán)境中并分解成微塑料。
 
@indragede4401
Plastic packaging food and beverage companies that must be held accountable and also raise public awareness of the dangers to health.
It is our fault that Indonesian citizens use plastic every day.
 
食品和飲料塑料包裝企業(yè)必須被追責(zé)，同時(shí)也要提升公眾對其健康危害的認(rèn)知。
我們印尼公民每天都在使用塑料，這是我們的責(zé)任。
 
@ECOSAM-SG
???? With rising microplastic exposure in the region, it's more important than ever to stay mindful of what we touch, eat, and wash.
Singaporean-made ECOSAM sanitizers, disinfectants, and hand & dish washes offer a clean, reliable choice for healthier daily living.
 
隨著本地區(qū)微塑料暴露日益嚴(yán)重，我們更加需要留意自己接觸、攝入和清洗的物品。
新加坡制造的ECOSAM消毒液、清潔劑及洗手液和洗潔精為健康日常生活提供了干凈可靠的選擇。
 
@romansaakov7081
People at stage when they already know consequences of their consuming habits and should start live in a balance with the nature, but it looks like the majority of the people doesn't even scratching the head.
 
人們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)處于一個(gè)清楚消費(fèi)習(xí)慣后果的階段，理應(yīng)開始與自然保持平衡的生活方式。但看起來，大多數(shù)人連想都不愿意去想。
 
@jimk3487
Waste is just WASTE. No government officer wants to be in charge.
The one put in charge is always deemed the loser or less capable compared to the one getting the position of minister of trade/finance.
That is the problem. Get someone smart to educate its people and manage the collection/disposal properly.
 
垃圾就是垃圾，根本沒有政府官員愿意負(fù)責(zé)。
被安排負(fù)責(zé)垃圾問題的人總被認(rèn)為是失敗者，或者比不上那些當(dāng)上財(cái)政或貿(mào)易部長的人。
這就是問題所在。應(yīng)該任命聰明的人來教育民眾，合理管理垃圾收集與處理。
 
@angelosupsup3726
Filipino English look smooth and excellent accent than Singaporean English...
Why CNA didn’t hire Filipino journalists instead so that everyone are happy listening.
 
菲律賓人的英語聽起來更流暢、口音也更標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，比新加坡英語好聽……
CNA為什么不雇傭菲律賓記者呢？那樣大家聽起來都會(huì)更舒服。
 
@ratmaazizah4703
I believe that the matters coming from how Indo Govt managed rubbish in well, because it will affect the ecosystem surrounding, and of course still find more of Indonesian still throwing a rubbish not in proper place (such as in a river).
 
我認(rèn)為這個(gè)問題主要在于印尼政府沒有妥善處理垃圾，這將影響周圍的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。
當(dāng)然，依然有很多印尼人把垃圾亂扔，比如直接丟進(jìn)河里。
 
@zoem314
Microplastics don’t just come from plastic packaging.
Even from coatings of non-stick pans and almost all of our clothes are made of PU materials.
It’s not just SEA, it’s all over the world.
 
微塑料并不僅僅來自塑料包裝。
連不粘鍋的涂層以及我們幾乎所有的衣服都是聚氨酯材料制成的。
不僅僅是東南亞，全球都存在這個(gè)問題。
 
@charliepearce8767
There's no problem with plastic.
The problem is what people do with the plastic after they finish using it.
The microplastics found today were discarded 30, 20 years ago. Proper disposal is the solution.
 
塑料本身不是問題，
問題在于人們用完塑料之后怎么處理它。
我們今天發(fā)現(xiàn)的微塑料，其實(shí)早在20或30年前就被丟棄了。正確處理才是解決之道。
 
@problemperson4221
I can't believe there are Malaysians, Filipinos, and Indonesians here being butthurt over CNA saying these countries consume the most microplastics.
I actually checked out the Cornell University (from New York, 2024 article by xiang Zhao and Fengqi You) article and they literally only did say those 3 countries.
Also, there's a reason why they specifically mentioned fish in general because 59% of microplastics come from aquatic sources.
There's a good chance Singaporeans as a whole don't eat as much fish as compared to the rest of ASEAN (do you remember any famous fish dish by Singapore?)
Singapore was never mentioned in the article, CNA was being honest that Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam and Egypt topped the list for most microplastics consumption.
I'm not even a Singaporean and even I feel embarrassed that people get so butthurt by a news channel presenting information that doesn’t make them seem like angels.
 
我簡直不敢相信這里竟然有馬來西亞人、菲律賓人和印尼人在因?yàn)?CNA 提到他們是微塑料攝入最多的國家而惱羞成怒。
我親自查閱了康奈爾大學(xué)（紐約，2024年，趙翔與尤鋒齊）發(fā)布的文章，他們的確只提到了這三個(gè)國家。
而且他們特別提到了魚，這是有原因的——59%的微塑料都來自水生來源。
很可能，新加坡人整體上比東盟其他國家吃魚更少（你能說出新加坡有什么著名的魚類料理嗎？）
文章中根本沒有提到新加坡，CNA只是誠實(shí)地說出了馬來西亞、印尼、菲律賓、越南和埃及是微塑料攝入最多的國家。
我甚至都不是新加坡人，我只是覺得有人因?yàn)樾侣勵(lì)l道講了一些讓他們不舒服的真相就大發(fā)雷霆實(shí)在太尷尬了。
 
@Numbe-i2q
Indonesia is lost. People throwing their trash everywhere. In the canal, the street, just everywhere. Was just shocking to see when I was in Jakarta. No hope for them.
 
印尼已經(jīng)沒救了。人們把垃圾隨處亂丟，運(yùn)河里、街道上，到處都是。我在雅加達(dá)的時(shí)候看到這種情況，真的非常震驚。他們已經(jīng)看不到希望了。
 
@loelee8893
Can you please do voice over instead of just putting subtitles? Not all of your viewers especially this kind of videos running almost an hour will stay in front of the screen to read them.
Some are running errands while listening. I love this kind of documentary but have no time sticking in front of the screen just to read subtitles.
So annoying that I can't watch/listen to this and almost all your videos.
 
你們能不能加上配音而不僅僅是加字幕？并不是所有觀眾都能坐在屏幕前看你們這種將近一個(gè)小時(shí)的視頻。
有些人是一邊干家務(wù)一邊聽的。我真的很喜歡你們這種紀(jì)錄片，但就是沒時(shí)間坐在那兒光看字幕。
這很煩人，因?yàn)槲規(guī)缀鯖]法聽也沒法看你們的大部分視頻。